Question 1

Approach motivation is to _____ as avoidance motivation is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
C) positive punishment; negative punishment 
D) negative punishment; positive punishment

Question 2

The dangers associated with labeling persons with having a mental disorder is related to the social psychology phenomenon of:

Accepted Answer

A) conformity. 
B) stereotype threat. 
C) deindividuation. 
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 3

In psychoanalysis, Jerry's therapist interprets that Jerry's passion for his work might stem from an unfulfilled sex drive. Initially, Jerry vehemently opposes this interpretation. This defense mechanism is termed _____ and Jerry's opposition to the interpretation is termed _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a reaction formation; transference 
B) displacement; resistance 
C) sublimation; resistance 
D) displacement; a reaction formation

Question 4

_____ raised infant rhesus monkeys in social isolation for the first six months of their lives. Most of them exhibited severely disturbed behavior consistent with the _____ phase of general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) Harry Harlow; alarm 
B) Harry Harlow; exhaustion 
C) Konrad Lorenz; resistance 
D) Konrad Lorenz; exhaustion

Question 5

The treatment illusion of reconstructive memory is most related to which "sin" of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) suggestibility 
B) consistency bias 
C) change bias 
D) memory misattribution

Question 6

Sir Frederic Bartlett's observation that people often remember what should have happened or what ought to have happened instead of what actually happened is an illustration of the memory sin of:

Accepted Answer

A) transience. 
B) memory misattribution. 
C) bias. 
D) suggestibility.

Question 7

The _____ routes sensory information to cortical areas EXCEPT to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus; the somatosensory cortex 
B) thalamus; the olfactory bulb 
C) hippocampus; Area V1 
D) hippocampus; Area A1

Question 8

John Watson taught Little Albert a _____ using _____.

Accepted Answer

A) social phobia; classical conditioning 
B) social phobia; observational learning 
C) specific phobia; classical conditioning 
D) specific phobia; observational learning

Question 9

More intelligent people tend to live longer. People who attempt to explain this relationship by highlighting the link between intelligence and education, education and job status, job status and income, and income and health are:

Accepted Answer

A) committing the conjunction fallacy. 
B) mistakenly inferring cause and effect from correlational research. 
C) identifying potential third variables underlying the relationship between intelligence and life expectancy. 
D) questioning the external validity of the relationship.

Question 10

There exists a _____ between social status and immune functioning; a likely variable responsible for this finding is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive correlation; stress 
B) negative correlation; exercise 
C) non-association; genetics 
D) causal relationship; lifestyle choices

Question 11

The self-fulfilling prophecy results from:

Accepted Answer

A) existential angst. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) ironic processes of mental control. 
D) functional fixedness.

Question 12

_____ are to chromosomes as _____ are to axons.

Accepted Answer

A) Telomeres; neural networks 
B) Genes; myelin sheaths 
C) Telomeres; myelin sheaths 
D) Genes; neural networks

Question 13

In recent years, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used therapeutically to treat _____. In research settings, unlike functional magnetic resonance imaging, it has the ability to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) schizophrenia; detect enlarged ventricles 
B) schizophrenia; measure dopamine receptor density 
C) major depressive disorder; quantify reduced cortex activity 
D) major depressive disorder; determine if brain functions cause behavior

Question 14

Measuring how vigorously infants suck a nipple in the presence of different voices to determine if infants recognize the voice of their mother utilizes a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) systematic desensitization test. 
B) Strange Situation test. 
C) operational definition. 
D) correlational design.

Question 15

Prescription sleeping pills are effective for _____ relief of insomnia and work by enhancing the functions of which inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) long-term; glutamate 
B) short-term; norepinephrine 
C) long-term; acetylcholine 
D) short-term; GABA

Question 16

_____ areas are highly plastic and tend to become _____ differentiated as people age.

Accepted Answer

A) Association; less 
B) Association; more 
C) Transduction areas; less 
D) Transduction areas; more

Question 17

Someone with a highly reactive behavioral _____ system that enables approach behavior toward rewards might be expected to show enhancements in which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) activation; GABA 
B) activation; dopamine 
C) inhibition; GABA 
D) inhibition; dopamine

Question 18

Which of these is an invalid use of the deviation IQ to measure intelligence differences?

Accepted Answer

A) to screen for scholastic aptitude for college seniors applying to medical school 
B) to assess general cognitive functioning for young adults in the military 
C) to study intelligence differences between thirty-year-olds who are either self-made millionaires or bankruptcy filers 
D) to study intelligence differences between young adults and senior citizens

Question 19

A person who demonstrates reduced sensitivity to stimuli in the band of fibers enervating the hindbrain termed the _____might be more likely to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A) reticular formation; anxious 
B) reticular formation; outgoing 
C) corpus callosum; altruistic 
D) corpus callosum; neurotic

Question 20

A practicing clinical psychologist not affiliated with a college or university probably would be a member of which professional organization?

Accepted Answer

A) Association for Psychological Science 
B) Association for Behavior Analysis 
C) American Psychological Association 
D) Society for Neuroscience

Exam 17: Intelligence Testing and Psychological Perspectives

Approach motivation is to _ as avoidance motivation is to _.

The dangers associated with labeling persons with having a mental disorder is related to the social psychology phenomenon of:

In psychoanalysis, Jerry's therapist interprets that Jerry's passion for his work might stem from an unfulfilled sex drive. Initially, Jerry vehemently opposes this interpretation. This defense mechanism is termed _ and Jerry's opposition to the interpretation is termed _.

_ raised infant rhesus monkeys in social isolation for the first six months of their lives. Most of them exhibited severely disturbed behavior consistent with the _ phase of general adaptation syndrome.

The treatment illusion of reconstructive memory is most related to which "sin" of memory?

Sir Frederic Bartlett's observation that people often remember what should have happened or what ought to have happened instead of what actually happened is an illustration of the memory sin of:

The _ routes sensory information to cortical areas EXCEPT to _.

John Watson taught Little Albert a _ using _.

More intelligent people tend to live longer. People who attempt to explain this relationship by highlighting the link between intelligence and education, education and job status, job status and income, and income and health are:

There exists a _ between social status and immune functioning; a likely variable responsible for this finding is _.

The self-fulfilling prophecy results from:

_ are to chromosomes as _ are to axons.

In recent years, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used therapeutically to treat _. In research settings, unlike functional magnetic resonance imaging, it has the ability to _.

Measuring how vigorously infants suck a nipple in the presence of different voices to determine if infants recognize the voice of their mother utilizes a(n) :

Prescription sleeping pills are effective for _____ relief of insomnia and work by enhancing the functions of which inhibitory neurotransmitter?

_ areas are highly plastic and tend to become _ differentiated as people age.

Someone with a highly reactive behavioral _____ system that enables approach behavior toward rewards might be expected to show enhancements in which neurotransmitter?

Which of these is an invalid use of the deviation IQ to measure intelligence differences?

A person who demonstrates reduced sensitivity to stimuli in the band of fibers enervating the hindbrain termed the _might be more likely to be _.

A practicing clinical psychologist not affiliated with a college or university probably would be a member of which professional organization?