Question 1

The knoblike structures that branch out from an axon are called:

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) neurotransmitters. 
C) terminal buttons. 
D) synapses.

Question 2

The brain and spinal cord make up the _____ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic 
B) peripheral 
C) autonomic 
D) central

Question 3

Hodgkin and Huxley (1939) conducted early research on the action potential using _____ as subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) Aplysia 
B) fruit flies 
C) tapeworms 
D) giant squid

Question 4

Which of these is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary functioning of blood vessels, body organs, and glands?

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) autonomic nervous system 
C) somatic nervous system 
D) sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

During prenatal development, the tail end of the neural tube will develop into the _____ and the opposite end will develop into the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system 
B) spinal cord; brain 
C) right hemisphere; left hemisphere 
D) hindbrain; spinal cord

Question 6

_____ work together in small circuits to perform simple tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory neurons 
B) Motor neurons 
C) Interneurons 
D) Vagal neurons

Question 7

In epigenetics, the environment influences gene expression:

Accepted Answer

A) without changing the underlying DNA sequences that constitute the genes themselves. 
B) by changing the underlying DNA sequences that constitute the genes themselves. 
C) by decoupling chromosomal pairs. 
D) by changing the underlying DNA sequences on only one chromosomal pair.

Question 8

The ontogeny of the brain refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) how the brain evolved as species became more complex. 
B) how the brain evolved within a single species. 
C) unique brain characteristics common to members of a family that are evident across at least three generations. 
D) brain development in an individual.

Question 9

Phineas Gage, a railroad foreman, suffered damage to a large part of the brain responsible for emotion regulation, planning, and decision making-namely, the _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal 
B) parietal 
C) occipital 
D) frontal

Question 10

Beta blockers function as _____ by blocking a receptor for _____ in the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) agonists; acetylcholine 
B) antagonists; acetylcholine 
C) agonists; norepinephrine 
D) antagonists; norepinephrine

Question 11

The process by which a neurotransmitter is broken down into its component molecules is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) reuptake. 
B) reconstitution. 
C) deactivation. 
D) autoreception.

Question 12

Its name derived from the Greek word for "tree," the _____ of a neuron is so called because of its appearance, with several branching processes.

Accepted Answer

A) synapse 
B) axon 
C) myelin 
D) dendrite

Question 13

The _____ is referred to as the "master gland."

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) thyroid gland 
C) adrenal gland 
D) pituitary gland

Question 14

_____ are strands of DNA wound around another in a double-helix configuration.

Accepted Answer

A) Chromosomes 
B) Genes 
C) mRNA 
D) Bipolar cells

Question 15

The actor Michael J. Fox suffers from Parkinson's disease, and John Nash, subject of the movie A Beautiful Mind, was a paranoid schizophrenic. The brains of both people can be expected to have _____ levels of dopamine.

Accepted Answer

A) extremely high 
B) extremely low 
C) normal 
D) abnormal

Question 16

Small electrically charged particles are called:

Accepted Answer

A) ions. 
B) neutrons. 
C) axons. 
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 17

The majority of the neurons in the nervous system are:

Accepted Answer

A) sensory neurons. 
B) motor neurons. 
C) interneurons. 
D) bipolar neurons.

Question 18

The _____ is located _____ the thalamus and regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary gland; above 
B) hippocampus; below 
C) hypothalamus; above 
D) hypothalamus; below

Question 19

What part of the prenatal brain develops first?

Accepted Answer

A) the frontal lobe 
B) the limbic system 
C) the hindbrain 
D) association areas

Question 20

There are two special regions of the cortex dedicated to language, called Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Broca's area controls _____, and Wernicke's area controls _____.

Accepted Answer

A) understanding; talking 
B) hearing the spoken word; seeing the written word 
C) reading; writing 
D) speech production; speech comprehension

Exam 3: Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior