Question 1

Pezdek and colleagues found that for a person to interpret thoughts and fantasies about false events as true memories ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) the event must seem as vivid as possible 
B) the person must believe in hypnosis 
C) they must be plausible 
D) they must hear about the event several times

Question 2

Which of these is an example of what has been called infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A) Betty,age 25,can recall only good memories of what happened when she was 4 to 5 years old. 
B) Johnny,age 10,has no memory of a family vacation that occurred when he was 2 years old. 
C) When faced with a horrible stressor,some people return to an earlier stage of development,such as infancy,for the comfort that it provides. 
D) Despite the fact that Alice,age 35,played the piano from ages 3 through 13,she has very little ability to do so now.

Question 3

False positives occur when a person incorrectly "matches" a stimulus that is merely similar to a real memory to that memory.One major problem with eyewitness testimony is that _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of auditory memories causes the witness to forget what was said 
B) witnesses are prone to habituate to the courtroom and forget what happened 
C) false positives can cause eyewitness testimony to be quite inaccurate 
D) None of these are true.

Question 4

What is the definition of memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the definition of memory?...

Question 5

The constructive processing effect refers to the tendency of people who are asked misleading questions or given misleading information to incorporate that information into their memories for a particular event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is meant by a flashbulb memory? Describe its characteristics.Give an example that is well known.Some psychologists are not impressed by these well-known examples of this phenomenon.What are some of the criticisms of the idea of flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by a flashbulb memory?...

Question 7

When a person's ____________is damaged or removed,anterograde amnesia,or the inability to form new memories,results.

Accepted Answer

A) hippocampus 
B) prefrontal lobe 
C) amygdala 
D) cerebellum

Question 8

Memory is defined as an active system that consists of three processes.They are __________.

Accepted Answer

A) receiving information from the senses,organizing and storing the information,and retrieving the information from storage 
B) the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned stimulus,and the conditioned response 
C) bottom-up processing,selective attention,and top-down processing 
D) acquisition,extinction,and spontaneous recovery

Question 9

Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand.She had gone through a list of them when her phone rang.After she gets off the phone,she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names because of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) elaboration effects 
B) recency effect 
C) primacy effect 
D) maintenance effect

Question 10

Rochelle remembered getting "B's" in her English lit classes in college.But years later when she applied for a job and took out her transcript,she was shocked to find that she had actually gotten "C-" grades.She then started telling everyone she remembers being a pretty poor student.Her erratic memory of her mediocre performance is most likely due to ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) her poor memory 
B) hindsight bias 
C) consolidation 
D) eidetic imagery

Question 11

Loss of memory from the point of injury or illness forward is called _________________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia 
B)  retrograde amnesia 
C)  consolidation 
D)  infantile amnesia

Question 12

As memories get older,they are most likely ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) to get lost 
B) to become stronger,more accurate,and more vivid 
C) to be regarded as unreliable by the person using them 
D) to become changed or altered in some fashion

Question 13

It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has gotten together.You start to reminisce about your childhood and get into an argument with your brother.Both of you claim that you were the innocent victim of the other.This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) constructive processing 
B) hindsight bias 
C) adaptation of memory traces 
D) flashbulb integration

Question 14

When the sound of the word is the aspect that cannot be retrieved,leaving only the feeling of knowing the word without the ability to pronounce it,this is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

A) encoding failure 
B) extinction of acoustic storage 
C) auditory decay 
D) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Question 15

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory memory only 
B) short-term memory only 
C) long-term memory only 
D) sensory memory and short-term memory

Question 16

Memories retrieved while under hypnosis are more accurate than memories retrieved while not under hypnosis,but persons who retrieve memories under hypnosis are far less reluctant to change their answers even when told that they may be wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Retroactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when_________.

Accepted Answer

A) older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information 
B) newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information 
C) information is not attended to and fails to be encoded 
D) information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time

Question 18

In the famous case of H.M. ,after having part of his brain removed,he could ______.

Accepted Answer

A) no longer form new explicit memories 
B) read the same magazine over and over and not realize that he was reading it over and over 
C) still form procedural memories 
D) All of these choices are correct

Question 19

Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) elaborative rehearsal 
B) maintenance rehearsal 
C) automatic encoding 
D) selective attention

Question 20

Work with electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)for severe depression suggests that consolidation ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) only takes a short time 
B) may take months to complete 
C) may take years to complete 
D) may take weeks to complete

Exam 6: Memory