Question 1

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school.When the topic of punishment is discussed,what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment can also lead to the child acting aggressively. 
B) Punished children tend to do really well in school. 
C) Punishment motivates the child to focus on schoolwork. 
D) Punishment tends to increase the number of nightmares experienced.

Question 2

Give an example of a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of a conditioned stimulus....

Question 3

Biofeedback is an application of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) social learning 
D) preparedness

Question 4

One interesting thing about conditioned taste aversions is that birds differ from mammals in how they learn them.Birds seem more likely to learn the taste aversion to the appearance of the new food,rather than the smell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food was called the _______________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition 
B) testing 
C) extinction 
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 6

There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing.If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them,that's _____________.But if she then swats at the gnat,that's _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) voluntary;involuntary 
B) involuntary;voluntary 
C) operant;instrumental 
D) instrumental;classical

Question 7

Which is the most important characteristic of a food that is linked to a conditioned taste aversion for birds?

Accepted Answer

A) taste 
B) smell 
C) vision 
D) touch

Question 8

Conditioned emotional responses are some of the easiest forms of classical conditioning to accomplish,as demonstrated by the fact that our lives are so full of them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

After a CS comes to elicit the CR,the CS now can be paired with a new neutral stimulus and this second neutral stimulus will start to elicit a CR.This process is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning 
B) neoclassical conditioning 
C) generalization 
D) operant conditioning

Question 10

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Accepted Answer

A) gradual reinforcement 
B) sporadic reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) partial reinforcement

Question 11

Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) cats 
B) rabbits 
C) dogs 
D) pigeons.

Question 12

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain__________.

Accepted Answer

A) autism 
B) ADHD 
C) schizophrenia 
D) depression

Question 13

What important factor in learning is Rescorla best known for?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What important factor in learning is Rescorla...

Question 14

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The initial strike to the knee is the CS. 
B) The initial knee jerk response is the CR. 
C) The sound is the CS. 
D) The anticipation of being struck in the knee is the CSR.

Question 15

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) stop sign 
B) the stimulus that acts as a UCS in classical conditioning 
C) the white rat in Watson's Little Albert study of producing phobias 
D) none of these

Question 16

What is instinctive drift and how did the Brelands discover it?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is instinctive drift and how did...

Question 17

The abbreviation CR stands for ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) conditional reinforcement 
B) contingent reflex 
C) conditioned response 
D) contingent reflection

Question 18

The first time José sees a cat,his mother tells him,"That's a cat.Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully,and his mother praises him.The next day,he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television.He points at the tiger and says,"Cat!" This is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) spreading activation 
C) categorization 
D) discrimination

Question 19

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning u

Accepted Answer

A) Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. 
B) Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
C) Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
D) Bill will never bathe the dog again.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time. 
B) Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement. 
C) Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D) Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.

Exam 5: Learning