Question 1

Molly is sometimes loud and disruptive in class,and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention.The teacher worries that yelling at Molly might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Molly the attention she wants.One behavior modification that might help with this child is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) use of partial reinforcement 
B) use of classical conditioning by shocking the child so that she stops speaking out 
C) use of instinctive drift therapy 
D) use of time-outs to remove the positive reinforcement that even a scolding gives the child

Question 2

Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries?

Accepted Answer

A) The dogs seemed to enjoy the food. 
B) The assistant salivated along with the dogs when the dogs started to eat. 
C) The dogs stopped salivating after seeing the assistant so many times. 
D) The dogs started to salivate when they saw Pavlov's assistant and before they got the food.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

Accepted Answer

A) receiving harsh criticism for lying to your parents 
B) losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew 
C) getting stung by a bee when walking barefoot outside and stepping on the bee 
D) getting pepper-sprayed for making a lewd comment to a stranger

Question 4

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs,and they began to salivate.The food acted as a (an) ________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) conditioned response 
D) conditioned stimulus

Question 5

In a conditioning experiment,a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit.After several pairings,the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The blinking of the eye serves as stimulus. 
B) The puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) The puff of air serves as the conditioned stimulus. 
D) The blinking of the eye serves as the conditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately. 
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her. 
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Question 7

In operant conditioning,________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement 
B) the Law of Negative Effect 
C) conditional emotional linkages 
D) a long time delay

Question 8

When Karawynn Long trained her cat Misha to use a toilet instead of a litter box,the last step in the training was teaching the cat to flush the toilet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to B.F.Skinner,negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,biological need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) negative 
C) positive 
D) secondary

Question 11

What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?

Accepted Answer

A) Show Albert a toy dog instead of a live rat. 
B) Let Albert touch a Santa Claus beard repeatedly. 
C) Show Albert a rat many times without a loud noise following so that extinction would occur. 
D) Have Albert hear a loud noise many times without a rat present.

Question 12

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) food 
C) shelter 
D) a gold star

Question 13

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive drift 
B) innate learning 
C) conditioned taste aversion 
D) conditioned emotional response

Question 14

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park.One day when you arrive at the park,you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years,and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park.Even though the paths are complicated and twisted,you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin.Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) insight 
C) formation of a cognitive map 
D) unconscious trial-and-error imagery

Question 15

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome.You sound the metronome and then several minutes later you give the dog a biscuit.You do this several times but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the metronome was not a distinctive sound 
B) the metronome should have been sounded after the animal ate the biscuit 
C) you should have had an even longer interval between the metronome and the biscuit 
D) the biscuit was given too long after the sound of the metronome

Question 16

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS)in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A) a white rat 
B) a loud noise 
C) a high chair 
D) a small enclosed space

Question 17

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer,whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) A cupcake;a certificate of achievement given to a student 
B) A kiss;money 
C) Water;food 
D) A gold star;cupcake

Question 18

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 19

Which of the following statements about learning is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning is another word for "maturation." 
B) Learning is relatively permanent. 
C) Learning involves changes in behavior. 
D) Learning involves experiences.

Question 20

The first time José sees a cat,his mother tells him,"That's a cat.Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully,and his mother praises him.The next day,he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television.He points at the tiger and says,"Cat!" This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) spreading activation 
C) categorization 
D) discrimination

Exam 5: Learning