Which Statement Is NOT Part of the Logic of Experimental

Multiple Choice

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

A) Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset.
B) The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group.
C) The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences.
D) The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behaviour.