Question 1

When writing, young children are more likely to use ________ strategies whereas adolescents more often use ________ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonological; propositional 
B)  prepositional; phonological 
C)  knowledge-telling; knowledge-transforming 
D)  knowledge-transforming; knowledge-telling

Question 2

When Rovee-Collier and her colleagues attached a ribbon from a mobile to two- to three-month-old infants' legs so infants learned to kick to make the mobile move, they found that when they returned to the babies' homes several days later the babies

Accepted Answer

A)  had forgotten that kicking made the mobile move. 
B)  would still kick to make the mobile move. 
C)  had lost interest in the mobile. 
D)  would cry when they saw the mobile.

Question 3

Monitoring effective strategy use

Accepted Answer

A)  is done equally by all age children. 
B)  improves gradually with age. 
C)  does not occur until the high school years. 
D)  is no longer necessary by the high school years.

Question 4

When Edna saw the words "Push the red button", she pushed the red button. Edna demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A)  word recognition. 
B)  comprehension. 
C)  word recognition and comprehension. 
D)  neither word recognition nor comprehension.

Question 5

Autobiographical memory typically begins in

Accepted Answer

A)  infancy. 
B)  the preschool years. 
C)  the school-age years. 
D)  adolescence

Question 6

The ________ principle is illustrated by a child who counts a set of Star Wars figures "1,2,5, 8...Eight! There are eight Star Wars figures."

Accepted Answer

A)  cardinality 
B)  stable-order 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  addition

Question 7

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's work on infant memory in which she taught infants to kick to make a crib mobile move indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants could not remember an event for more than a day or two. 
B)  after several weeks infants forgot how to move the mobile and they could not be reminded. 
C)  after several weeks infants had forgotten how to move the mobile, but a single reminder helped them to remember. 
D)  infants never forgot how to move the mobile.

Question 8

As Derrick read the sentence "The little girl swam in the pool", he could derive a number of ________ including "there is a girl", "the girl is little", "the girl was in the pool", and "the girl was swimming."

Accepted Answer

A)  scripts 
B)  phonological awarenesses 
C)  one-to-one principles 
D)  propositions

Question 9

Four-year-old Heather is repeatedly questioned about an incident on the playground where a stranger approached her. She is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  have no memory of the incident. 
B)  confuse what really happened with what others suggest may have happened. 
C)  clearly differentiate between what really happened and what others suggest may have happened. 
D)  believe that adult questioners are deliberately trying to confuse her when they suggest something other than what she reported may actually have happened.

Question 10

Seventeen-year-old Jalen remembers the day he met his best friend in grade school, the first day of high school, and the day he got his drivers license. This information is part of his

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory store. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  infantile amnesia.

Question 11

Jared loves dogs and knows a lot about them while his friend Joe does not. If you asked each of them to remember a list of dog breeds and a list of unrelated words, what would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jared would recall more dog breeds than Joe, but they would both remember about the same number of unrelated words. 
B)  Jared would recall more dog breeds and more unrelated words than Joe. 
C)  Jared and Joe would recall about the same number of dog breeds and unrelated words. 
D)  Jared would recall more dog breeds than Joe, but Joe would recall more unrelated words than Jared.

Question 12

Which of the following kindergartners will be most likely to learn to read more easily?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erik, who cannot identify words that rhyme and words that don't rhyme. 
B)  Siu-lan, who does not know most of the letters of the alphabet. 
C)  Sholonda, whose parents read rhymes to her. 
D)  Justin, who cannot identify the first, middle, or last sounds found in short words.

Question 13

Infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are able to count objects. 
B)  adults tell them how many objects there are. 
C)  their perceptual system is sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli. 
D)  they understand the one-to-one principle.

Question 14

Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and monitoring accurately is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognitive knowledge. 
B)  cognitive self-regulation. 
C)  metamemory. 
D)  automatic processing.

Question 15

One day Ellie takes her two-month-old baby, Eric, to her friend's home and puts him in a rocking cradle. Eric soon learns that if he wiggles and waves his arms the cradle will rock. Several weeks later, Ellie and Eric return to the friend's house. How would you expect Eric to respond when he is once again placed in the cradle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eric will not remember the cradle at all from his previous visit and will behave as if it was the first time he had been in the cradle. 
B)  Eric is likely to remember the cradle and start wiggling and waving his arms as soon as he is placed in the cradle. 
C)  Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move only if Ellie gives him a cue by rocking the cradle right after he is put in it. 
D)  Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move but will no longer be interested in making it move.

Question 16

Children derive meaning by combining words to form

Accepted Answer

A)  propositions. 
B)  direct retrieval. 
C)  scripts. 
D)  phonological awareness

Question 17

The inability to recall events from one's early life is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  infantile amnesia. 
B)  autobiographical memory. 
C)  sensory store. 
D)  an inhibitory process.

Question 18

By about ________ of age infants are able to distinguish two objects from three.

Accepted Answer

A)  one month 
B)  five months 
C)  18 months 
D)  two years

Question 19

Chi's (1978) study comparing memory in child chess experts and adult chess novices demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of knowledge on memory. 
B)  how scripts influence memory. 
C)  the susceptibility of preschoolers' memories to suggestions. 
D)  the effectiveness of the rehearsal memory strategy

Question 20

As children receive formal instruction in arithmetic in Grade 1, they are more likely to solve addition problems by counting

Accepted Answer

A)  mentally. 
B)  on their fingers. 
C)  aloud. 
D)  on both hands.

Exam 7: B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

When writing, young children are more likely to use strategies whereas adolescents more often use strategies.