Question 1

The belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  moral relativism. 
B)  postconventional reasoning. 
C)  conventional reasoning. 
D)  immanent justice.

Question 2

Research suggests that children who are highly aggressive

Accepted Answer

A)  are equally likely to be boys or girls. 
B)  are more likely than less aggressive children to commit criminal offenses when they get older. 
C)  are likely to remain aggressive but are no more likely than less aggressive children to commit criminal offenses when they get older. 
D)  are simply being playful and are likely to outgrow their aggressiveness as they get older.

Question 3

Ruben is a fearless five-year-old. He is most likely to cooperate with his mother's requests if

Accepted Answer

A)  his mother uses gentle discipline. 
B)  his mother uses threats and angry demands. 
C)  he is not securely attached to his mother. 
D)  he is strongly attached to his mother.

Question 4

Juanita and her friends have set some rules for a playground game. Juanita realizes that these rules will reduce arguments and can be changed if needed. Juanita is showing

Accepted Answer

A)  immanent justice. 
B)  conventional reasoning. 
C)  moral realism. 
D)  moral relativism.

Question 5

Sergei is in Piaget's stage of moral relativism. He is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  think that breaking a rule always leads to punishment. 
B)  believe that rules must be followed and cannot be changed. 
C)  believe that adult authority is absolute. 
D)  understand that rules are created by people to help them get along.

Question 6

________ are arbitrary standards of behaviour agreed to by a cultural group to facilitate interactions within the group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Personal moral codes 
B)  Social conventions 
C)  Stages of moral reasoning 
D)  Immanent justices

Question 7

Who is in Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juanita, whose moral reasoning is based on a personal moral code 
B)  Kelly, whose moral reasoning is based on looking out for her own needs 
C)  Ivan, whose moral reasoning is based on avoidance of punishment 
D)  Linda, whose moral reasoning is based on the approval of other people

Question 8

It's a cold and snowy day, and it's tempting to skip class for the day to avoid going out in the weather. What could you do to make it easier to resist that temptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tell yourself that if you skip class just this once, you'll be less likely to do it on other days. 
B)  Think of all the fun outdoor activities like cross-country skiing and sledding that you could do in the snow. 
C)  Remind yourself that it'll be a lot easier to get an "A" in your class if you go to class every day. 
D)  Think about how nice it would be to curl up with your textbook and a cup of hot chocolate at home.

Question 9

A new student in school enters the cafeteria looking lonely and scared. Who is most likely to help the new student adjust to school by showing her how to get her lunch and sitting with her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allie, who knows her from church 
B)  Sarah, who isn't familiar with the cafeteria routine because she usually eats at home 
C)  Janelle, who was punished by the teacher earlier in the day 
D)  Emily, who won't be able to talk to her friends if she sits with the new student

Question 10

________ is the ability to rise above immediate pressures and not give in to impulse.

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy 
B)  Moral relativism 
C)  Moral realism 
D)  Self-control

Question 11

In a research study, Dr. Evanshen has children respond to the Heinz dilemma. What is she studying?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control 
B)  prosocial behaviour 
C)  altruism 
D)  moral reasoning

Question 12

Before school, Ben stole some cookies from the cookie jar. During recess that day, someone threw his favourite ball onto the school roof. Ben thinking that losing his ball is his punishment for stealing is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social system morality. 
B)  moral relativism. 
C)  immanent justice. 
D)  conventional reasoning.

Question 13

Which of the following aspects of Piaget's theory of moral development has NOT been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The idea that moral reasoning progresses through a sequence of stages. 
B)  The idea that moral reasoning is related to cognitive development. 
C)  The idea that moral reasoning is influenced by interactions with peers. 
D)  The idea that young children consider adult authority to be final and absolute.

Question 14

Hans' mother told him that it is wrong to lie, so Hans thinks people shouldn't lie because then they won't get punished. Hans is in Kohlberg's stage called

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal norms. 
B)  instrumental orientation. 
C)  obedience orientation. 
D)  social contract orientation.

Question 15

Which child would be most likely to engage in prosocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child with high levels of perspective-taking. 
B)  A child who uses rewards and punishments as the basis for moral judgments. 
C)  A child who has low levels of empathy. 
D)  A child with high levels of egocentrism.

Question 16

According to Piaget's theory of moral development, five- to seven-year-old children are in a stage called ________, in which they believe that rules are created by wise adults, and, therefore, must be followed and cannot be changed.

Accepted Answer

A)  moral relativism 
B)  moral realism 
C)  the preconventional level 
D)  the conventional level

Question 17

When Dana heard about an impoverished family not having money to buy food, she decided to donate her allowance to the family, even though she would not get anything in return. Dana's behaviour is BEST described as

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative behaviour. 
B)  prosocial behaviour. 
C)  altruism. 
D)  empathy.

Question 18

Actions that help others with no direct benefit to the individual are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy. 
B)  prosocial. 
C)  role-taking. 
D)  altruism.

Question 19

According to Crick and Dodge's information-processing model of aggressive children's thinking,

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive and nonaggressive children do not differ in their processing of social information. 
B)  aggressive children are less likely to attend to information that signals non-hostile motives. 
C)  aggressive and nonaggressive children both know the appropriate responses, but aggressive children choose to act aggressively. 
D)  aggressive children are more skilled at interpreting others' behaviour.

Question 20

Caring for others is emphasized in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning. 
B)  the Hindu religion. 
C)  Gilligan's approach to moral development. 
D)  All of these emphasize care for others.

Exam 12: B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour