Question 1

Often one hemisphere of the brain serves a specialized role as the site of specific cognitive and emotional activities. The brain is said to be __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Often one hemisphere of the brain serves...

Question 2

Though easily confused, negative reinforcement and punishment are quite different; with negative reinforcement, behavior __________ when the aversive stimulus is ____________, and with punishment, behavior __________ when the aversive stimulus is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; removed; increases; introduced 
B)  increases; removed; decreases; introduced 
C)  decreases; removed; increases; introduced 
D)  decreases; introduced; increases; removed

Question 3

John Bowlby based his approach known as __________ theory on ethology, the study of animals in their natural habitat.

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Bowlby based his approach known as...

Question 4

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  brain and spinal cord 
B)  somatic and autonomic systems 
C)  corpus callosum and cerebellum 
D)  sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 5

General paresis was virtually eliminated because

Accepted Answer

A)  the patients died before they could have children. 
B)  antibiotics were developed to treat syphilis. 
C)  most older patients now develop Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  psychiatrists developed the tools to diagnose it.

Question 6

According to Freudian theory, what part of the mind is roughly equivalent to the conscience?

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  libido 
D)  superego

Question 7

What is the purpose of the enigma written by Lord Byron that was included in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  to show how writing can reveal one's unconscious memories 
B)  to provide an example of the integration of different etiologies 
C)  to reveal how paradigms can either help or hinder our search for answers 
D)  to demonstrate that a psychotic process can often be uncovered in the words of even greater writers

Question 8

Evidence that effective treatments for depression inhibit the reuptake of a neurotransmitter links a depletion of that neurotransmitter to mood disorders. That neurotransmitter is

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  GABA. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  Prozac.

Question 9

Assume that variables X and Y are significantly correlated; the concept of reverse causality tells us that

Accepted Answer

A)  X causes Y but not the reverse. 
B)  Y causes X but not the reverse. 
C)  X might cause Y or Y might cause X. 
D)  X causes Y and Y causes X.

Question 10

According to Sigmund Freud, how does a boy resolve forbidden sexual desire for his mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  by becoming attracted to girls 
B)  by identifying with his father 
C)  by developing an Electra complex 
D)  by developing aggressive urges toward his mother

Question 11

Your neighbor is a behavior geneticist. When you ask her to describe her discipline, what is she likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)  the computer driven study of genotypes 
B)  a search for various biochemical abnormalities 
C)  investigation of the hereditary functions of specific genes 
D)  a broad approach that studies genetic influences on behavior

Question 12

The principle of equifinality, or the concept of multiple pathways, means that

Accepted Answer

A)  many risk factors might be involved in a disorder's etiology. 
B)  disorders must always be explained in terms of many different risk factors. 
C)  a diathesis must always be combined with some form of stress. 
D)  the same risk factors can produce many different disorders.

Question 13

What is the primary concept in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned stimulus is neutral 
B)  conditioned response leads to extinction 
C)  behavior is determined by its consequences 
D)  negative reinforcement is the same as punishment

Question 14

The textbook suggests that Freud's ideas were

Accepted Answer

A)  scientifically valid. 
B)  metaphors. 
C)  of little value. 
D)  dangerous.

Question 15

Assume that variables X and Y are significantly correlated; the third variable problem means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the correlation could be explained by their joint relation with some other factor. 
B)  another variable must correlate with X but not Y. 
C)  another variable must correlate with Y but not X. 
D)  X causes Y and Y causes X.

Question 16

What approach do the authors use when considering the etiology of various mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  systems 
B)  confluence 
C)  reductionism 
D)  biopsychosocial

Question 17

Suppose that researchers discover the gene responsible for manic behavior. Assume that the alleles of the gene are represented by M and m and the gene is dominant/recessive. Which of the following represents the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  the M allele 
B)  the m allele 
C)  manic behavior 
D)  the combination of the M and m alleles

Question 18

Researchers are interested in the ventricles in the brain because

Accepted Answer

A)  they become enlarged in some disorders. 
B)  they fill with cerebrospinal fluid. 
C)  they are often found to be absent in people with severe mental disorders. 
D)  they connect the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and cerebellum.

Question 19

The case of Meghan B. in your text illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  many plausible alternative causes. 
B)  that disorders can often have a single cause. 
C)  the importance of genetic factors. 
D)  how objective tools can be used to pinpoint causation.

Question 20

Explain why it is not possible to assume that a correlation must indicate causation. Relate this to the correlation of depression with the depletion of neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why it is not possible to...

Exam 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior