Question 1

Follow-up studies of adults who used cannabis over a period of several years

Accepted Answer

A)  found evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug. 
B)  did not find evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug. 
C)  found evidence of brain damage in several areas of the central nervous system. 
D)  found evidence of cognitive enhancement in creative skills.

Question 2

The police found C. Gram Seven along the highway. They immediately transported him to the emergency room where it was determined that his alcohol concentration was 600 mg percent. The police report probably described Mr. Seven as

Accepted Answer

A)  dead. 
B)  stuporous. 
C)  unconscious. 
D)  uncoordinated.

Question 3

Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They activate the sympathetic nervous system. 
B)  They activate the parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  They reduce the level of GABA available in the brain. 
D)  They increase the level of GABA available in the brain.

Question 4

What term is used to describe chemicals that can alter a person's mood, perception, or brain functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  legal drugs 
B)  illegal drugs 
C)  psychoactive substances 
D)  exogenous brain substances

Question 5

A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on aggression. What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Given a choice, most participants prefer tonic to alcohol. 
B)  Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol. 
C)  Alcohol has powerful placebo effects in the treatment of many medical conditions. 
D)  The effects of alcohol are the result of an inherited failure to metabolize the drug.

Question 6

Scientists who study the biological basis of addiction have devoted considerable attention to understanding the rewarding properties of drugs. Much of this attention has focused on

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  GABA.

Question 7

Discuss the ways that parent behaviors influence the likelihood that an adolescent will abuse substances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the ways that parent behaviors influence...

Question 8

Among all men and women who have ever used alcohol roughly what percent will develop serious alcohol related problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  50

Question 9

Prolonged use of amphetamines has been linked to an increase in violent behavior, but it is not easy to interpret this link because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are many different definitions of violence. 
B)  people are usually not willing to admit that they have taken amphetamines. 
C)  the violence could be due to the drug user's lifestyle, not the drug itself. 
D)  very few people actually engage in prolonged use of amphetamines.

Question 10

Metabolic tolerance involves changes in _____________ while pharmacodynamic tolerance involves changes in _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons; enzymes 
B)  enzymes; neurons 
C)  brain; neuron 
D)  neuron; brain

Question 11

According the World Health Organization ______ use was responsible for 5 percent of the total burden of disease and disability worldwide in 2004.

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin 
B)  alcohol 
C)  cocaine 
D)  marijuana

Question 12

A research participant in a study of drug effects has experienced a brief, intense, dreamlike euphoria with a sense of increased visual and auditory sensitivity. The brief sense of pleasure is very powerful. Which drug has this subject likely received?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCP 
B)  LSD 
C)  heroin 
D)  cocaine

Question 13

Cannabis intoxication is often accompanied by temporal disintegration. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the drug breaks down quickly in the body. 
B)  people have trouble retaining and organizing information. 
C)  intoxication can quickly lead to a nervous breakdown. 
D)  intoxication leads to social withdrawal and isolation.

Question 14

What is an underlying notion that supports the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous?

Accepted Answer

A)  spiritual ideas about recovery 
B)  psychological theories of defense mechanisms 
C)  biological evidence of changes accompanying abstinence 
D)  scientific evidence of cognitive changes accompanying abstinence

Question 15

What have researchers concluded from research on the concordance rates of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  The role for genetics is much larger for males than it is for females. 
B)  Genetic factors play a small role in etiology of alcoholism among women. 
C)  Similar concordance rates for MZ and DZ twins suggest no significant role for genetics. 
D)  Concordance rates suggest a role for genetics, and higher concordance among males reflects the higher prevalence of alcoholism among males.

Question 16

The family of drugs that includes barbiturates to benzodiazepines are also know informally as all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  tranquilizers. 
B)  sedatives. 
C)  hypnotics. 
D)  neuroleptics.

Question 17

Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Younger people do not drink as much alcohol as older people. 
B)  Older people do not drink as much alcohol as younger people. 
C)  Younger men drink less alcohol than older men. 
D)  There is not a significant difference in the drinking habits between young and old.

Question 18

The textbook suggests that withdrawal from nicotine is on a par with

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin. 
B)  LSD. 
C)  marijuana. 
D)  sugar.

Question 19

Being reared by an alcoholic parent, in the absence of other etiological factors,

Accepted Answer

A)  still significantly increases the chance of developing the disorder. 
B)  does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder. 
C)  increases the risk of alcohol dependence, but decreases the risk of abuse. 
D)  reduces the risk of alcohol related problems but increases the risk of drug related problems.

Question 20

DSM-IV defines substance abuse in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  addiction. 
B)  tolerance and withdrawal. 
C)  craving and lack of control. 
D)  interference with obligations at work and home.

Exam 11: Substance Use Disorders