Question 1

In its brief for the case of Harris v.Forklift Systems,Inc. ,the

Accepted Answer

In its brief for the case of Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., the United States Supreme Court had to consider whether the conduct of the president of Forklift Systems, Inc., toward an employee, Teresa Harris, constituted a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion.

The question at the heart of the case was whether the workplace harassment that Harris experienced was severe enough to create a hostile or abusive work environment under Title VII. Harris alleged that her boss, Charles Hardy, made repeated offensive remarks, comments about her gender, and unwanted sexual innuendos, which she claimed created a hostile work environment.

In its 1993 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that for harassment to be actionable under Title VII, it need not lead to concrete psychological harm. The Court stated that the correct standard is whether the conduct was severe or pervasive enough to create an environment that a reasonable person would find hostile or abusive, and whether the victim subjectively perceived the environment to be abusive.

The Court's decision in Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. clarified the standard for what constitutes a hostile work environment, making it clear that the law does not require a showing of tangible psychological injury, but rather focuses on the nature of the environment created by the harassment. This decision was significant in shaping the understanding and enforcement of workplace harassment laws in the United States.

Question 2

Define an affirmative defense.

Accepted Answer

An affirmative defense is a type of defense used in legal proceedings whereby the defendant acknowledges the facts of the case as presented by the plaintiff but introduces new information that, if proven true, can negate or mitigate the legal consequences of the defendant's actions. In other words, the defendant admits to the factual basis of the accusation but offers an additional fact or argument that, under the law, excuses or justifies their behavior, or reduces their liability.

Affirmative defenses must be explicitly claimed by the defendant, and the burden of proof often shifts to the defendant to prove the defense is valid. Examples of affirmative defenses include self-defense in a battery or assault case, consent in a case involving alleged sexual assault, the statute of limitations in a contract dispute, or insanity in criminal cases.

If the defendant successfully proves an affirmative defense, they may be found not guilty or liable, or their punishment or damages may be reduced. Affirmative defenses are an essential aspect of the legal system as they ensure that all relevant facts and circumstances surrounding a case are considered before reaching a verdict.

Question 3

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

Accepted Answer

It seems like your question is incomplete, as the last part of the sentence "and the" is not followed by any context or subject. To provide a full answer, I would need to know what specific facts, decision, and additional information you are referring to.

If you are asking for a general structure on how to describe a case or a situation, here's a guideline you can follow:

1. **Describe the Facts**: Start by outlining the key information and context that is relevant to the situation. This includes the background, the parties involved, the main events that occurred, and any pertinent details that are necessary to understand the scenario.

2. **Explain the Decision**: After laying out the facts, describe the decision that was made. This could be a ruling in a legal case, a choice made by a person or organization, or the outcome of a particular event. Explain who made the decision, what the decision was, and, if relevant, the reasoning or rationale behind the decision.

3. **Discuss the [Missing Information]**: Since your question cuts off, I'm not sure what the third element is. However, this part would typically involve discussing the implications, consequences, or further actions that resulted from the decision. It could also involve analyzing the decision's impact on the parties involved or on broader issues.

If you can provide the missing part of your question or more context, I would be able to give a more specific and detailed answer.

Question 4

The first amicus brief that was composed largely of empirical findings rather than past cases and statutes was

Accepted Answer

A)  Plessy v.Ferguson.
B)  Muller v.Oregon.
C)  Dred Scott v.Sandford.
D)  Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 5

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the facts,the decision,and the...

Question 6

What is NOT an example of an affirmative defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleading not guilty by reason of insanity
B)  Claiming the defendant acted in self-defense
C)  Claiming that the defendant had an alibi for the crime
D)  Arguing that police entrapped the defendant

Question 7

What was the outcome of Claude Ballew's appeal to the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

A)  His conviction was overturned,because too may potential jurors were dismissed.
B)  His conviction was overturned,because the jury was too small.
C)  His conviction was overturned,because he was denied the right to confront his accuser.
D)  His conviction was upheld.

Question 8

The use of death qualification means that more members of which groups are excluded from jury service because of their opposition to the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blacks and women
B)  Blacks and men
C)  Whites and women
D)  Whites and men

Question 9

The Supreme Court's decision clearly disagreed with the conclusions of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Supreme Court's decision clearly disagreed with...

Question 10

What was the outcome of the Bowers v.Hardwick case? What was the nature of

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the outcome of the Bowers...

Question 11

What are guild issues?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are guild issues?...

Question 12

Distinguish between an advocacy brief and a science-translation brief.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between an advocacy brief and a...

Question 13

When was the first amicus brief,sponsored by the American Psychological Association,submitted to the Supreme Court? What was the issue?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When was the first amicus brief,sponsored by...

Question 14

Of the _______ cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year,it agrees to act on ______ of these.

Accepted Answer

A)  1000;80 to 100
B)  5000;500
C)  500;25 to 30
D)  7000;70 to 80

Question 15

The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of "separate but equal" accommodations for different races was

Accepted Answer

A)  Plessy v.Ferguson.
B)  Muller v.Oregon.
C)  Dred Scott v.Sandford.
D)  Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 16

Which decision by the Supreme Court ordered that indigent defendants claiming insanity be provided a court-appointed psychiatrist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jenkins v.United States
B)  Ake v.Oklahoma
C)  Maryland v.Craig
D)  Lockhart v.McCree

Question 17

How is the effectiveness of an amicus brief assessed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the effectiveness of an amicus...

Question 18

An en banc decision refers to a decision

Accepted Answer

A)  from the Supreme Court.
B)  that can not be appealed.
C)  from the full court.
D)  that favors the petitioner.

Question 19

When did the American Psychological Association,as an organization,submit its first amicus brief to the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

A)  In 1954,on school desegregation
B)  In 1962,on expert witnesses
C)  In 1979,on jury research
D)  In 1986,on homosexuality

Question 20

A temptation of psychologists who submit amicus briefs to appellate courts is to

Accepted Answer

A)  tell the judges how to interpret the Constitution.
B)  make value judgments about the goals of the legal system.
C)  answer legal questions.
D)  All of these choices

Exam 15: Influencing Public Policy

In its brief for the case of Harris v.Forklift Systems,Inc. ,the

Define an affirmative defense.

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

The first amicus brief that was composed largely of empirical findings rather than past cases and statutes was

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

What is NOT an example of an affirmative defense?

What was the outcome of Claude Ballew's appeal to the Supreme Court?

The use of death qualification means that more members of which groups are excluded from jury service because of their opposition to the death penalty?

The Supreme Court's decision clearly disagreed with the conclusions of

What was the outcome of the Bowers v.Hardwick case? What was the nature of

What are guild issues?

Distinguish between an advocacy brief and a science-translation brief.

When was the first amicus brief,sponsored by the American Psychological Association,submitted to the Supreme Court? What was the issue?

Of the _ cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year,it agrees to act on of these.

The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of "separate but equal" accommodations for different races was

Which decision by the Supreme Court ordered that indigent defendants claiming insanity be provided a court-appointed psychiatrist?

How is the effectiveness of an amicus brief assessed?

An en banc decision refers to a decision

When did the American Psychological Association,as an organization,submit its first amicus brief to the Supreme Court?

A temptation of psychologists who submit amicus briefs to appellate courts is to