Question 1

Positive mental health is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  having strong positive feelings about one's own ethnic heritage and feeling separate from the mainstream culture. 
B)  separating from one's own ethnic heritage but having strong positive feelings about mainstream culture. 
C)  having strong positive feelings about one's own ethnic heritage and about mainstream culture. 
D)  separating from both one's own ethnic heritage and mainstream culture.

Question 2

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct problems. 
B)  depression. 
C)  lower achievement in school. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 3

Compared to minority adolescents with families that have been in the United States for a long-time, foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to perform:

Accepted Answer

A)  better in school, but are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior. 
B)  worse in school, but are less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems. 
C)  better in school, and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior. 
D)  worse in school, and are more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 4

Mei was an impulsive preschooler. It is likely that, as an adolescent, she will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  impulsive. 
B)  shy. 
C)  anxious. 
D)  well-adjusted.

Question 5

What did the results from longitudinal studies on identity development indicate about the flexibility of identity statuses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of adolescents who were classified as being in a state of identity diffusion were no longer classified that way 4 years later. 
B)  The majority of individuals who had apparently foreclosed the identity development process were in the midst of an identity crisis 4 years later. 
C)  A large proportion of individuals who were classified as being in a state of identity achievement were no longer classified that way at later time-points. 
D)  All of these statements are based on the results of longitudinal studies.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about self-conception is most likely to be made by a child rather than by an adolescent?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I am a complicated person." 
B)  "Most people think I'm very secure, but really I'm pretty shy." 
C)  "I am a girl; I have two brothers; I like to read." 
D)  "I am honest; I am helpful; I am friendly."

Question 7

Below is a statement from a Native American adolescent. Analyze the passage below based on what you know about identity development. (HINT: What would identity development research derived from the work of Erikson and Marcia's theory say?)
"I think I learned that I couldn't be myself at that school. I had to be like the other students to be happy there; I had to be rich and snobby. Because of my family's poverty and our tribal gatherings, I couldn't be like them. Not really anyway. . . . I felt I had to put on airs, or have a dramatic life that people would be interested in, otherwise I was a lonely person. I needed to find a niche somehow, somewhere. So for about two years, somewhere between eighth and ninth grade, I became a liar.
"After exploring a few different career paths during college, I feel I have developed a new appreciation for who I am. I have been an active member of the Native American Society and have lived at the Society house whenever possible. . . . Graduation is finally in sight. I plan to go on to graduate school for Indian education. I want to work in curriculum and administration, but I will probably teach first so that I can get some practical experience. I find that because of my experiences away from home I've gotten a lot of perspective that has, in the end, allowed me to appreciate my heritage."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Below is a statement from a Native...

Question 8

Gwen has recently been preoccupied with trying to understand what kind of person she is. As an exercise, she writes out a list of 20 traits that she thinks best describe her. According to the text, Gwen is focusing on her:

Accepted Answer

A)  identity. 
B)  self-conception. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  socialization.

Question 9

Rose is transitioning from elementary into junior high school and Sally will be starting her senior year of high school in the fall. According to research presented in the textbook, who is more likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rose 
B)  Sally 
C)  Rose and Sally are equally likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem 
D)  neither Sally nor Rose is likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem

Question 10

The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  identity achievement. 
B)  family relationships. 
C)  interactions with others. 
D)  peer relationships.

Question 11

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of overall self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  athletic ability 
B)  academic ability 
C)  physical appearance self-esteem 
D)  moral conduct

Question 12

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early adolescents experience a sharp increase in self-esteem'. 
B)  Early adolescents have lower self-esteem. 
C)  Early adolescents are more self-conscious. 
D)  Early adolescents have a more unstable self-image.

Question 13

According to the textbook, having race as a central part of one's identity has the following impact(s) on adolescent development:

Accepted Answer

A)  it may make adolescents more sensitive to discrimination. 
B)  it may help adolescents cope better with discrimination. 
C)  A and B are both true. 
D)  Neither A nor B is true.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity moratorium state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexandra, who has not made firm commitments and is not currently trying to make them 
B)  Denise, who has made identity commitments without needing a period of exploration 
C)  Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration 
D)  Francis, who has established a coherent sense of identity; she has made identity commitments after a period of exploration

Question 15

Among multiethnic adolescents asked to describe their own ethnic identity, those with one Black parent and one non-Black parent are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  identify themselves as a member of the non-Black parent's ethnic group. 
B)  identify themselves as Black. 
C)  refuse to answer questions about their own ethnic identity. 
D)  identify themselves as half-Black.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity foreclosure state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexandra, who has not made firm commitments and is not currently trying to make them 
B)  Denise, who has made identity commitments without needing a period of exploration 
C)  Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration 
D)  Francis, who has established a coherent sense of identity; she has made identity commitments after a period of exploration

Question 17

Which adolescent male would be expected to have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paul, who is extremely masculine 
B)  David, who is extremely feminine 
C)  Roger, whose sexuality is ambiguous 
D)  Donald, who is both masculine and feminine

Question 18

As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative. 
B)  optimistic. 
C)  disorganized. 
D)  differentiated.

Question 19

Generally speaking, the parenting style that is associated with the healthiest identity development is:

Accepted Answer

A)  warm but not excessively constraining. 
B)  the absence of parental warmth. 
C)  the absence of parental encouragement of individuality. 
D)  warm but discouraging of individuality.

Question 20

Susan, a White adolescent, is more likely to be vulnerable to disturbances in ________ than any other group of youngsters.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept 
B)  self-image 
C)  false-self behavior 
D)  family relationships

Exam 8: Identity