Question 1

The members of the protein kinase C family that are regulated by Ca++, by diacylglycerol and by phosphatidylserine are called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  atypical PKCs. 
B)  conventional PKCs. 
C)  modified PKCs. 
D)  novel PKCs. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 2

____ act as an antidepressant by ____ levels of catacholamines in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tricyclics; increasing 
B)  Tricyclics; decreasing 
C)  Monoamine oxidase inhibitors; increasing 
D)  Monoamine oxidase inhibitors; decreasing 
E)  Monoamine oxidases; decreasing

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an event that would occur upon the binding of a hormone to a receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  a second messenger such as cAMP might be produced 
B)  inositol triphosphate causes the release of potassium from the ER 
C)  protein kinase C is activated by DAG 
D)  tyrosine kinase receptors dimerize and undergo phosphorylation 
E)  all of the above occur

Question 4

How are the receptors that mediate transmembrane signaling processes classified?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are the receptors that mediate transmembrane...

Question 5

All are domains of receptor tyrosine kinase EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenylyl cyclase activity domain. 
B)  glycosylated extracellular receptor-binding domain. 
C)  a single transmembrane α-helix. 
D)  intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. 
E)  regulatory domain with phosphorylation sites.

Question 6

All are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  sarin. 
B)  malathion. 
C)  parathion. 
D)  tabun. 
E)  all are inhibitors.

Question 7

Hormones and other signal molecules bind with ____ affinities to their receptors and are produced at concentrations ____ their KD values.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; far above 
B)  moderate; far above 
C)  moderate; equivalent to 
D)  high; far below 
E)  very high; equivalent to

Question 8

Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, effect their action by:

Accepted Answer

A)  binding to a plasma membrane receptor, which stimulates a signal transduction pathway within the cell 
B)  binding to a plasma membrane receptor, which stimulates the receptor to enter the cell 
C)  entering into the cell and affecting the production of secondary messengers 
D)  entering into the cell and then acting as transcription regulators 
E)  both a and d are correct

Question 9

The insulin receptor is in what class of tyrosine kinase receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class I with 2 Cys-rich repeat sequences 
B)  Class II with a2b2 tetrameric structure 
C)  Class III with multiple immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains 
D)  Class IV with a glycosylated protein domain 
E)  Class V with a lipid-rich hydrophobic domain

Question 10

All are catecholamine neurotransmitters EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  γ-aminobutyrate (GAB
A) . 
B)  L-dopa. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  epinephrine. 
E)  norepinepherine.

Question 11

Neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft to:

Accepted Answer

A)  promote prolonged stimulation of the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  prevent prolonged stimulation of the presynaptic cell. 
C)  promote prolonged stimulation of the presynaptic cell. 
D)  prevent prolonged stimulation of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 12

Lithium salts have been used for years for the treatment of manic depression. Although its mechanism of action at the molecular level is far from clear, it has been shown that Li+:

Accepted Answer

A)  alters the conformation of a number of plasma protein receptors. 
B)  increases the GTPase activity of G-proteins. 
C)  inhibits a number of enzymes in phosphoinositide metabolism. 
D)  inhibits Ca++ release from cytoplasmic organelles. 
E)  activates protein kinase A much like cAMP does.

Question 13

The amount of cAMP generated in the cytoplasm is dependent on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  activity of adenylyl cyclase only. 
B)  activity of the phosphodiesterase only. 
C)  the length of time the GTP remains bound to the Gα-protein only. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 14

The binding of hormone to G-protein coupled receptor stimulates the sequence:
A.binding of Gα (GTP) activates adenylyl cyclase
B.Gα(GTP) dissociates and re-associates with Gβγ
C.rapid exchange of GDP for GTP on Gα
D.GTPase of Gα hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
E.Gα dissociates from Gβγ

Accepted Answer

A)  B, C, A, D, E 
B)  C, E, A, D, B 
C)  C, E, B, D, A 
D)  D, A, C, E, B 
E)  E, A, D, B, C

Question 15

All are characteristic of EF-hand proteins EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  EF-hand domains usually are arranged so that two EF-hand domains directly contact each other. 
B)  EF-hand proteins dramatically change conformation upon binding Ca++ ions. 
C)  Conformational changes promote binding of the EF-hand protein with its target protein(s). 
D)  CaM (a EF-hand protein) binds target protein with basic amphiphilic alpha helix (Baa helix) motifs. 
E)  All are characteristic.

Question 16

All are results of the phospholipase C activity mediated by hormone binding, signal transduction and eventually Ca++ release into the cytoplasm EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in guanylyl cyclase activity. 
B)  the phosphorylation of specific proteins. 
C)  activation of protein kinases by calcium complexed with calmodulin. 
D)  the release of diacylglycerol from membrane phospholipids. 
E)  the release of IP3.

Question 17

During an action potential, which of the following is directly responsible for restoration of resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  efflux of K+ ions 
B)  efflux of Na+ ions 
C)  influx of K+ ions 
D)  influx of Na+ ions 
E)  efflux of Cl− ions

Question 18

The original phorbol esters are natural products that mimic ____ by binding and activating ____ that potentiate the effects of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones; PKA; Ca2+ 
B)  DAG; PKC; carcinogens 
C)  cAMP; PKA; glucagon 
D)  Ca2+; PKC; Ca2+ 
E)  PIP2; CaM; Li+

Exam 32: The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

The members of the protein kinase C family that are regulated by Ca⁺⁺, by diacylglycerol and by phosphatidylserine are called the:

act as an antidepressant by levels of catacholamines in the brain.

Which of the following is NOT an event that would occur upon the binding of a hormone to a receptor?

How are the receptors that mediate transmembrane signaling processes classified?

All are domains of receptor tyrosine kinase EXCEPT:

All are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase EXCEPT:

Hormones and other signal molecules bind with affinities to their receptors and are produced at concentrations their K_D values.

Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, effect their action by:

The insulin receptor is in what class of tyrosine kinase receptors?

All are catecholamine neurotransmitters EXCEPT:

Neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft to:

Lithium salts have been used for years for the treatment of manic depression. Although its mechanism of action at the molecular level is far from clear, it has been shown that Li⁺:

The amount of cAMP generated in the cytoplasm is dependent on the:

The binding of hormone to G-protein coupled receptor stimulates the sequence: A.binding of Gα (GTP) activates adenylyl cyclase B.Gα(GTP) dissociates and re-associates with Gβγ C.rapid exchange of GDP for GTP on Gα D.GTPase of Gα hydrolyzes GTP to GDP E.Gα dissociates from Gβγ

All are characteristic of EF-hand proteins EXCEPT:

All are results of the phospholipase C activity mediated by hormone binding, signal transduction and eventually Ca⁺⁺ release into the cytoplasm EXCEPT:

During an action potential, which of the following is directly responsible for restoration of resting membrane potential?

The original phorbol esters are natural products that mimic by binding and activating that potentiate the effects of .

Exam 32: The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

The members of the protein kinase C family that are regulated by Ca++, by diacylglycerol and by phosphatidylserine are called the:

____ act as an antidepressant by ____ levels of catacholamines in the brain.

Which of the following is NOT an event that would occur upon the binding of a hormone to a receptor?

How are the receptors that mediate transmembrane signaling processes classified?​

All are domains of receptor tyrosine kinase EXCEPT:

All are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase EXCEPT:

Hormones and other signal molecules bind with ____ affinities to their receptors and are produced at concentrations ____ their KD values.

Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, effect their action by:

The insulin receptor is in what class of tyrosine kinase receptors?

All are catecholamine neurotransmitters EXCEPT:

Neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft to:

Lithium salts have been used for years for the treatment of manic depression. Although its mechanism of action at the molecular level is far from clear, it has been shown that Li+:

The amount of cAMP generated in the cytoplasm is dependent on the:

The binding of hormone to G-protein coupled receptor stimulates the sequence: A.binding of Gα (GTP) activates adenylyl cyclase B.Gα(GTP) dissociates and re-associates with Gβγ C.rapid exchange of GDP for GTP on Gα D.GTPase of Gα hydrolyzes GTP to GDP E.Gα dissociates from Gβγ

All are characteristic of EF-hand proteins EXCEPT:

All are results of the phospholipase C activity mediated by hormone binding, signal transduction and eventually Ca++ release into the cytoplasm EXCEPT:

During an action potential, which of the following is directly responsible for restoration of resting membrane potential?

The original phorbol esters are natural products that mimic ____ by binding and activating ____ that potentiate the effects of ____.

The members of the protein kinase C family that are regulated by Ca⁺⁺, by diacylglycerol and by phosphatidylserine are called the:

act as an antidepressant by levels of catacholamines in the brain.

How are the receptors that mediate transmembrane signaling processes classified?

Hormones and other signal molecules bind with affinities to their receptors and are produced at concentrations their K_D values.

Lithium salts have been used for years for the treatment of manic depression. Although its mechanism of action at the molecular level is far from clear, it has been shown that Li⁺:

All are results of the phospholipase C activity mediated by hormone binding, signal transduction and eventually Ca⁺⁺ release into the cytoplasm EXCEPT:

The original phorbol esters are natural products that mimic by binding and activating that potentiate the effects of .