Within Minutes After Encounter with an Allergen, Individuals with Allergic

Multiple Choice

Within minutes after encounter with an allergen, individuals with allergic rhinitis show symptoms of nasal itching, nasal congestion, sneezing, and a runny nose. These symptoms generally subside within 30 minutes, but reappear several hours later. Analysis of the nasal epithelium in such an individual 6 hours after allergen encounter would show:

A) Infiltration of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages
B) High concentrations of IL-22 important in repair of the damaged epithelium
C) An influx of commensal microbes due to breaches in the epithelial barrier
D) The absence of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells in the tissue
E) Very low levels of histamine and other inflammatory mediators