Question 1

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues.
-How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  24 
E)  32

Question 2

What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are female reproductive parts. 
B)  None are capable of photosynthesis. 
C)  They are modified leaves. 
D)  They are found on flowers. 
E)  They are found on angiosperms.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties. 
B)  Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period. 
C)  They produce many spores, which are really the same as seeds. 
D)  The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
E)  Sphagnum is an economically and ecologically important example.

Question 4

The next few questions refer to the following description. Match the animal features with the appropriate angiosperm analog.
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents.
-The internal fertilization that occurs prior to shell deposition is what type of angiosperm analog?

Accepted Answer

A)  endosperm 
B)  pollen tube and sperm nuclei 
C)  carpels 
D)  fruit 
E)  integuments

Question 5

The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in spore dispersal. 
B)  reduce dehydration. 
C)  make spores less dense and able to disperse more readily. 
D)  repel toxic chemicals. 
E)  provide nutrients to spores.

Question 6

In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  fixed nitrogen 
C)  antibiotics 
D)  water and minerals 
E)  protection from harmful UV

Question 7

Figure 26.2 depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  Figure 26.2
-What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 8

A fruit is usually

Accepted Answer

A)  a mature ovary. 
B)  a thickened style. 
C)  an enlarged ovule. 
D)  a modified root. 
E)  a mature female gametophyte.

Question 9

Sporophylls can be found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses 
B)  liverworts 
C)  hornworts 
D)  pterophytes 
E)  charophytes

Question 10

The following are all adaptations in plants to life on land except

Accepted Answer

A)  rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes. 
B)  cuticles. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  reduced gametophyte generation. 
E)  multicellular, dependent embryos.

Question 11

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest. 1. antheridia
2) gametes
3) gametophytes
4) gametangia

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, 3, 2 
B)  3, 1, 2, 4 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  3, 4, 1, 2 
E)  4, 3, 1, 2

Question 12

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Accepted Answer

A)  male gametophyte 
B)  female gametophyte 
C)  male sporophyte 
D)  female sporophyte

Question 13

The harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja, is the largest, most powerful raptor in the Americas. It nests only in trees taller than 25 meters. It is a "sloth specialist," but will also take agouti. Thus, if these eagles capture too many agoutis from a particular locale, they might contribute to their own demise by

Accepted Answer

A)  having too many offspring. 
B)  increasing habitat loss. 
C)  decreasing atmospheric CO2. 
D)  increasing the number of sloths.

Question 14

Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant (living) ferns because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are woody. 
B)  have macrophylls. 
C)  have pollen. 
D)  have sporophylls. 
E)  have spores.

Question 15

Figure 26.2 depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  Figure 26.2
-Assume that all four locations are 0.5 m above the surface. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from left to right, where should one expect to find the highest concentration of free basidiospores in an air sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 16

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  slime molds 
B)  vascular plants 
C)  animals 
D)  brown algae 
E)  mosses

Question 17

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube?

Accepted Answer

A)  male gametophyte 
B)  female gametophyte 
C)  male sporophyte 
D)  female sporophyte

Question 18

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. 
B)  the means for dispersal. 
C)  dormancy. 
D)  a nutrient supply for the embryo. 
E)  protection for the embryo.

Question 19

In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently

Accepted Answer

A)  means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. 
B)  results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. 
C)  allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. 
D)  results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. 
E)  is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic.

Question 20

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of hyphae. 
B)  referred to as a mycelium. 
C)  usually underground. 
D)  All of these responses are correct.

Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

In onions (Allium) , cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues. -How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?