Identify the Dominant Species That Determine the PH at the Following

Question

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The Answer is (1) At the beginning, ionization of the weak acid determines the pH.
HA  H₂O  A^  H₃O^
(2) Halfway to the equivalence point, half the acid has been converted into its conjugate base.
The pH can be directly determined by the equilibrium involving acid ionization.
HA  H₂O  A^  H₃O^pH  pK_a since [HA]  [A^]
(3) At the equivalence point, all the acid essentially has been converted into its conjugate base. The pH is determined by base ionization.
A^  H₂O  HA  OH^
(4) Past the equivalence point, excess strong base has been added. The pH is determined by the concentration of excess hydroxide in the solution.

Identify the Dominant Species That Determine the PH at the Following

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Identify the Dominant Species That Determine the PH at the Following

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Correct Answer:
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