Question 1

____ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards,not because we find it interesting or enjoyable.

Accepted Answer

A) Intrinsic motivation 
B) Compliance 
C) Extrinsic motivation 
D) Social comparison

Question 2

Sometimes when we become self-aware,we introspect about the reasons for our attitudes or behaviors.What are some consequences of such introspection?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sometimes when we become self-aware,we introspect about...

Question 3

If a self-awareness theorist was to design a department store that would discourage shoplifting,what would he or she do?

Accepted Answer

A) hire more undercover security 
B) place mirrors near merchandise that is likely to be stolen 
C) post signs that say,"Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law" 
D) provide rewards to shoppers who report shoplifters

Question 4

Which of the following situations best illustrates Goffman's (1959)concept of "frontstage"?

Accepted Answer

A) gossiping in the kitchen with the cook about your dinner guests 
B) asking and answering questions during an employment interview 
C) singing along with the car radio as you drive 
D) hiding dirty dishes in the dishwasher before company arrives

Question 5

Heine and his colleagues (2008)compared East Asian and Western participants in levels of actual/ideal self discrepancy when they were seated in front of a mirror to complete a questionnaire.Based on the results of this study,who would you expect to be most self-aware,regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror?

Accepted Answer

A) Susan,a British woman 
B) Tom,an American man 
C) Yoshi,a Japanese man 
D) Luke,a Canadian man

Question 6

When Jessie sits down for the first day of class,the person next to him,Blake,is wearing a "Free Tibet" shirt.After a few minutes of talking,Jessie realizes that he likes Blake.Which of the following is most likely to happen based on the idea of social tuning?

Accepted Answer

A) Jessie will express his anti-Tibetan views openly with Blake. 
B) Blake will provide Jessie with unwanted propaganda about the "Free Tibet" movement. 
C) Jessie may unconsciously alter his attitude to agree that Tibet should be freed. 
D) Blake may try to brainwash Jessie.

Question 7

According to work on cultural differences in giving praise to children,what is Manaka from Japan most likely to say to her son Shinobu when he wins a spelling bee?

Accepted Answer

A) "I'm so proud of you for doing such a great job!" 
B) "You are becoming a very smart boy!" 
C) "You are the smartest boy in your class!" 
D) "It's time to help your father with the dishes tonight."

Question 8

Ingratiation is an impression management strategy whereby people use

Accepted Answer

A) self-handicapping techniques. 
B) flattery or praise. 
C) gossip and back-stabbing. 
D) physical appearance to their advantage.

Question 9

If you were to design a program using rewards to increase motivation,what type of rewards would it be the best to use,according to the authors of your text?

Accepted Answer

A) task-contingent 
B) performance-contingent 
C) aptitude-contingent 
D) monetary

Question 10

To summarize the information about "telling more than we can know," often factors that seem like they should affect us ____ and factors that seem like they should have no impact ____.

Accepted Answer

A) do not; do not 
B) do not; do 
C) do; do not 
D) have great impact; have mild impact

Question 11

Women tend to have more ____ interdependence,and men tend to have more ____ interdependence.

Accepted Answer

A) relational; collective 
B) relational; autonomous 
C) collective; autonomous 
D) collective; relational

Question 12

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1979)had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) participants erroneously believed that noise affected their evaluations of the film. 
B) background noise had a huge effect on the ratings of the film. 
C) participants had highly accurate perceptions about the effect of distracting noises. 
D) participants were unable to concentrate on the film.

Question 13

The principal of a local elementary school plans to implement a "Reading for Cash" program,whereby children would be given cash rewards for reading.Before investing in this plan,the principal asks for your assessment.Because ____ tend to ____,you would probably tell her that the program would not be an effective way to increase interest in reading.

Accepted Answer

A) external rewards; reduce any inherent intrinsic interest 
B) external rewards; increase any inherent intrinsic interest 
C) any forms of encouragement; reduce intrinsic motivation 
D) intrinsic interests; weaken over time regardless of incentives

Question 14

____ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

Accepted Answer

A) The notion of the looking-glass self 
B) Social comparison theory 
C) Self-verification theory 
D) Esteem enhancement theory

Question 15

In terms of appraisal theories of emotion,which types of appraisals are most important?

Accepted Answer

A) explaining the cause of the event,and understanding implications the event has for you 
B) explaining the event accurately,and recalling details later 
C) explaining how the event impacts you and how the event impacts other people 
D) explaining how the event impacts you and how the event caused arousal

Question 16

There are some striking gender differences in men's and women's views of the interdependent self.The authors note that such gender differences are

Accepted Answer

A) only true in Japan. 
B) attributed to biological differences between men and women. 
C) far fewer than are similarities between men and women. 
D) only found in adults,never children.

Question 17

Complete the analogy about functions of the self.Self-presentation: putting your best foot forward:: ____: formulating and organizing what we know about ourselves.

Accepted Answer

A) self-knowledge 
B) self-justification 
C) self-efficacy 
D) self-control

Question 18

Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give.Which of the following would be least helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources?

Accepted Answer

A) eating regular meals that day 
B) not doing other mentally draining things that day 
C) drinking a regular soda 
D) also trying to quit smoking that day

Question 19

From the perspective of self-awareness theory,alcohol abuse,binge eating,and suicide are alike in that they

Accepted Answer

A) enable people who feel guilty to punish themselves. 
B) are more likely to be done by people with interdependent self-concepts. 
C) are coping mechanisms used by people with low self-esteem. 
D) provide temporary or permanent relief from unpleasant self-awareness.

Question 20

The authors of your text describe Masako Owada's decision to give up her career and marry the crown prince of Japan.Many Americans viewed her decision as to the result of coercion and sexism.How do many Japanese view her decision?

Accepted Answer

A) the same ways Americans view the decision 
B) as a show of support to the feminist movement 
C) as a natural consequence of being connected and obligated to others 
D) as part of her greater goal to promote her own career by obtaining the power of being royalty

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context