Question 1

The qualities of a group that tie members together and promote liking between members are known as

Accepted Answer

A) attractants. 
B) attachment. 
C) group cohesiveness. 
D) social norms.

Question 2

Members of the school board were tentatively considering a proposal to institute the wearing of uniforms in the elementary and middle school grades.After their last meeting,they are now strongly in favor of the proposal.This illustrates the phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A) groupthink. 
B) group polarization. 
C) deindividuation. 
D) social facilitation.

Question 3

The key to success in the Prisoner's Dilemma game is to

Accepted Answer

A) always be competitive. 
B) withdraw when one's partner chooses a competitive response. 
C) trust one's partner. 
D) respond randomly.

Question 4

The text described a recent situation in which novelist Stephen King began publishing a novel called The Plant in installments over the internet,asking readers to pay $1 per installment.He indicated that if at least 75 percent of the people who downloaded the novel paid the fee,he would keep writing and posting new installments,but if fewer than 75 percent paid the fee,he would stop writing and people would never get the rest of the novel.King posed a ____ dilemma for his readers.

Accepted Answer

A) prisoner's 
B) commons 
C) public goods 
D) limited resource

Question 5

Why is it important to study how effectively groups make decisions?

Accepted Answer

A) to keep social psychologists employed 
B) because many important decisions are made by groups such as juries 
C) because many people wrongly assume that individuals are better at decision-making 
D) to understand how individuals can improve to make decisions as well as groups do

Question 6

Process loss can best be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the poor decisions groups make when they become more concerned with cohesion than their task. 
B) the poor performance of group members when they feel anonymous. 
C) any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving. 
D) an increase of cohesion resulting in a decrease in performance.

Question 7

A high level of group cohesiveness would be least beneficial to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) members of a simple living group who have a monthly potluck 
B) members of a military unit carrying out a complicated maneuver 
C) members of a political campaign team developing a strategy 
D) members of a theatre troupe giving nightly performances

Question 8

Luke and Laura have been living together for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

Accepted Answer

A) Laura,the music lover of the two,gets the stereo,while Luke,the gourmet chef,gets all of the fancy pots and pans. 
B) They agree to flip a coin and let the winner choose to take the ten items he or she most wants. 
C) They decide to randomly divide their possessions in half and then flip a coin to see who gets which half. 
D) They agree to let Pedro,a mutual friend,mediate the dispute and decide on the fairness of the negotiations.

Question 9

Why did allowing (and even requiring)participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962)fail to engender trust and cooperation? Participants

Accepted Answer

A) were not allowed to bargain or negotiate in their communications. 
B) used communication primarily as means of threatening their opponents. 
C) became so caught up in the competitive game that they forgot to communicate with their opponents. 
D) could never figure out how to use the intercom.

Question 10

The Prisoner's Dilemma game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because

Accepted Answer

A) the rules of the game pit self-interest against looking out for someone else's interest. 
B) researchers control the strategies participants use. 
C) there is one and only one right answer to the problem. 
D) there are clear winners and clear losers,and thus reliable dependent variable measures.

Question 11

Consider the following anti-social acts: European soccer fans sometimes attack and bludgeon players and other fans; in the United States,members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)burned houses and lynched innocents; frenzied rock and roll fans trample one another,sometimes resulting in deaths.What do these situations have in common? They

Accepted Answer

A) represent the downside of social facilitation. 
B) demonstrate the tragedies sometimes caused by anonymity. 
C) represent an unexpected hazard of group cohesion. 
D) reflect mass actions caused by relative deprivation.

Question 12

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

Accepted Answer

A) Jim,a man from Texas 
B) Spencer,a man from London,England 
C) Tran,a man from Vietnam 
D) Don,a man from New York City

Question 13

Brian Mullen's (1986)analysis of newspaper accounts revealed that the larger the lynch mob,the more savagely the mobs murdered their victims; Robert Watson's (1973)cross-cultural study revealed that warriors wearing face or body paint were more likely to torture or kill captives than were warriors who wore no such "war paint." These findings suggest that one reason why mobs often commit heinous acts is that the individuals involved

Accepted Answer

A) feel anonymous and thus less accountable for their actions. 
B) experience a reduction in self-awareness and become more aware of their moral standards. 
C) become more self-aware and act on their feelings of rage and frustration. 
D) fall prey to social facilitation effects when they become aroused.

Question 14

Nan had pretty much made up her mind before a group discussion.During the discussion,however,she thinks to herself,"I think I'll hang back and see how the others feel about it.I don't want them to think I'm nuts or anything." Nan's thoughts best reflect the ____ interpretation of group polarization.

Accepted Answer

A) social comparison 
B) persuasive arguments 
C) deviance avoidance 
D) accuracy motive

Question 15

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982),groupthink occurs when groups value ____ over ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cohesiveness and solidarity; a realistic consideration of the facts 
B) strong leadership; weak leadership 
C) safety; accuracy 
D) as many alternatives as possible; a common goal

Question 16

A group of five students are sharing a house.All of the students like to take long,hot showers in the morning,but when they do,there is not enough hot water for their housemates.Which of the following will be least successful in getting the students to take shorter showers?

Accepted Answer

A) open communication that encourages a fair and equitable solution between the housemates 
B) Find a neutral mediator. 
C) Negotiate hot water use online via an instant messenger. 
D) Reframe the hot water as a common good.

Question 17

Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when

Accepted Answer

A) their task is simple. 
B) the leader is relationship-oriented. 
C) they know they are the only ones tasked with knowing diagnostic information. 
D) groups seek consensus.

Question 18

Your text describes Steve Jobs as a creative,unorthodox leader,who was successful at getting Apple Computers started,but later was removed from his leadership role when the company was well-established and he was being less effective leading a billion-dollar corporation.This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) fit between a leader's style and the situation. 
B) personality in being an effective leader. 
C) the lifestyle of capitalism. 
D) relationships in effective leadership.

Question 19

According to Zimbardo,why would U.S.soldiers abuse the prisoners they were ordered to guard?

Accepted Answer

A) The soldiers were a few "bad apples." 
B) The situation of being a prison guard was a "bad barrel." 
C) The prisoners were rioting. 
D) The soldiers were extremely racist.

Question 20

Integrative solutions to conflict are most likely to be reached when

Accepted Answer

A) adversaries compromise on all issues brought to the bargaining table. 
B) arbitrators are used to facilitate communication. 
C) communication between adversaries is limited to mediators. 
D) adversaries understand their opponents' priorities.

Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

The qualities of a group that tie members together and promote liking between members are known as

Members of the school board were tentatively considering a proposal to institute the wearing of uniforms in the elementary and middle school grades.After their last meeting,they are now strongly in favor of the proposal.This illustrates the phenomenon known as

The key to success in the Prisoner's Dilemma game is to

Why is it important to study how effectively groups make decisions?

Process loss can best be defined as

A high level of group cohesiveness would be least beneficial to which of the following groups?

Luke and Laura have been living together for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

Why did allowing (and even requiring) participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962) fail to engender trust and cooperation? Participants

The Prisoner's Dilemma game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

Nan had pretty much made up her mind before a group discussion.During the discussion,however,she thinks to herself,"I think I'll hang back and see how the others feel about it.I don't want them to think I'm nuts or anything." Nan's thoughts best reflect the ____ interpretation of group polarization.

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value over .

A group of five students are sharing a house.All of the students like to take long,hot showers in the morning,but when they do,there is not enough hot water for their housemates.Which of the following will be least successful in getting the students to take shorter showers?

Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when

According to Zimbardo,why would U.S.soldiers abuse the prisoners they were ordered to guard?

Integrative solutions to conflict are most likely to be reached when

Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

The qualities of a group that tie members together and promote liking between members are known as

Members of the school board were tentatively considering a proposal to institute the wearing of uniforms in the elementary and middle school grades.After their last meeting,they are now strongly in favor of the proposal.This illustrates the phenomenon known as

The key to success in the Prisoner's Dilemma game is to

Why is it important to study how effectively groups make decisions?

Process loss can best be defined as

A high level of group cohesiveness would be least beneficial to which of the following groups?

Luke and Laura have been living together for years and have finally decided to break it off for good.Which of the following best illustrates an integrative solution to their dilemma of dividing up their possessions?

Why did allowing (and even requiring) participants to communicate when they played the Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1962) fail to engender trust and cooperation? Participants

The Prisoner's Dilemma game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because

You are a project manager at your company,and you must choose the last member of your team.Which of the following people would be the least likely to social loaf?

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value ____ over ____.

A group of five students are sharing a house.All of the students like to take long,hot showers in the morning,but when they do,there is not enough hot water for their housemates.Which of the following will be least successful in getting the students to take shorter showers?

Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when

According to Zimbardo,why would U.S.soldiers abuse the prisoners they were ordered to guard?

Integrative solutions to conflict are most likely to be reached when

According to Irving Janis (1972,1982) ,groupthink occurs when groups value over .