Question 1

The children of parents who practice the permissive-indulgent parenting style tend to develop effective self-control strategies early in life and are more achievement-oriented than the children of authoritarian or authoritative parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with an adolescent's degree of physical maturation than with cultural and social expectations and norms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Although some emerging adults find the instability of this period unsettling, several studies have found that well-being and self-esteem rise steadily during emerging adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Two crucial factors in the relationship between genotype and phenotype are interactions among genes and interactions between genotype and environmental influences. Which of the following does your textbook NOT list as important in considering the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA can be damaged by environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet light, radiation, or chemical toxins. 
B)  Errors in the genetic code can disrupt production of the correct proteins and lead to birth defects or genetic disorders. 
C)  Genes can mutate, or change spontaneously, from one generation to the next. 
D)  Epigenetic changes determine how an individual's genetic blueprint directs and controls all aspects of development as it unfolds over the lifespan.

Question 5

A couple's degree of satisfaction with their marital relationship tends to greatly increase after the birth of their first child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Examples of teratogens include alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and industrial chemicals such as PCBs and mercury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Define genotype and phenotype and explain what factors are important in the relationship between the two.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define genotype and phenotype and explain what...

Question 8

What characterizes the relationships between adolescents and their parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents remain influential throughout their children's adolescence. 
B)  Adolescents disengage completely from their parents and other family members. 
C)  Parent-adolescent relationships are stormy and usually very negative. 
D)  Relationships between parents and children dramatically deteriorate in about two-thirds of all families when the children reach adolescence.

Question 9

Law and order are to the _____ level as internalized universal moral principles are to the _____ level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

A)  postconventional; conventional 
B)  conventional; postconventional 
C)  conventional; preconventional 
D)  preconventional; conventional

Question 10

The research of psychologist _____ demonstrated that infants acquire object permanence at a much younger age than Piaget believed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lev Vygotsky 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Mary D. Salter Ainsworth 
D)  Renée Baillargeon

Question 11

For the first few months after birth, an infant can distinguish among the speech sounds of all the world's languages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  If your genotype contains a copy of the dominant "freckles" gene, you will develop freckles regardless of environmental factors, such as exposure to sunlight. 
B)  To be freckle free, you would have to inherit one dominant "no-freckles" gene from either or both of your biological parents. 
C)  If your genotype contains a copy of the dominant "freckles" gene, you will never develop freckles even with prolonged exposure to sunlight. 
D)  To be freckle free, you would have to inherit two recessive "no-freckles" genes, one from each biological parent.

Question 13

The research of psychologist Renée Baillargeon suggests that infants achieve an understanding of object permanence much earlier than Piaget's theory states. Why did Piaget underestimate the cognitive abilities of very young infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget did not take cultural influences into account in developing his theory. 
B)  Piaget confused emotional immaturity with cognitive immaturity. 
C)  Piaget used tasks that required the infant to have reached a certain level of motor skill development, while Baillargeon used visual tasks to test for object permanence. 
D)  Piaget lacked access to the brain-imaging technology that Baillargeon and other contemporary psychologists have used to measure cognitive abilities in very young infants.

Question 14

Rob has put all of his energies into his job as a stockbroker, often working 12 or more hours a day and usually working on weekends. Because of this self-absorption and a preoccupation with his own needs, Rob has been very successful and, by the age of 45, has already amassed what amounts to a small fortune. Although he continues to put in long hours at work, he is beginning to feel dissatisfied and bored with his life. According to Erikson's theory, Rob is probably facing the psychosocial conflict of _____ and is likely to develop _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity versus stagnation; stagnation 
B)  ego integrity versus despair; despair 
C)  intimacy versus isolation; isolation 
D)  industry versus inferiority; industry

Question 15

List the eight stages of lifespan development and the age range of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the eight stages of lifespan development...

Question 16

Harrison is 15 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year. These changes are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic characteristics. 
B)  primary sex characteristics. 
C)  menarche. 
D)  secondary sex characteristics.

Question 17

While writing a paper on the development of moral reasoning, Hugh read that there is not much evidence to support Carol Gilligan's idea that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning. However, he found that there is empirical evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg's theory predicts the way humans engage in moral reasoning and also how they behave morally. 
B)  the best predictor of moral behavior in real-life situations is moral reasoning in response to hypothetical dilemmas. 
C)  men and women use both the ethic of individual rights and justice and the ethic of care and responsibility. 
D)  the development of moral reasoning follows a universal sequence of levels and stages suggesting a strong genetic influence.

Question 18

Which of the following people developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sandra Bem 
B)  Elizabeth Kübler-Ross 
C)  Noam Chomsky 
D)  Mary D. Salter Ainsworth

Question 19

Some people are obsessed with issues of life and death from adolescence or early adulthood onward.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Psychological research shows that among healthy older adults, ______ experience the LARGEST declines in mental abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)  well-educated people 
B)  people who are poorly educated and live unstimulating lives 
C)  people who engage in many physical and mental activities 
D)  people who are living in a senior housing complex or nursing home

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

The children of parents who practice the permissive-indulgent parenting style tend to develop effective self-control strategies early in life and are more achievement-oriented than the children of authoritarian or authoritative parents.

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with an adolescent's degree of physical maturation than with cultural and social expectations and norms.

Although some emerging adults find the instability of this period unsettling, several studies have found that well-being and self-esteem rise steadily during emerging adulthood.

Two crucial factors in the relationship between genotype and phenotype are interactions among genes and interactions between genotype and environmental influences. Which of the following does your textbook NOT list as important in considering the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

A couple's degree of satisfaction with their marital relationship tends to greatly increase after the birth of their first child.

Examples of teratogens include alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and industrial chemicals such as PCBs and mercury.

Define genotype and phenotype and explain what factors are important in the relationship between the two.

What characterizes the relationships between adolescents and their parents?

Law and order are to the _ level as internalized universal moral principles are to the _ level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

The research of psychologist _____ demonstrated that infants acquire object permanence at a much younger age than Piaget believed.

For the first few months after birth, an infant can distinguish among the speech sounds of all the world's languages.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The research of psychologist Renée Baillargeon suggests that infants achieve an understanding of object permanence much earlier than Piaget's theory states. Why did Piaget underestimate the cognitive abilities of very young infants?

List the eight stages of lifespan development and the age range of each.

Harrison is 15 years old and has gained both height and weight, some body hair, and a deeper voice during the past year. These changes are examples of:

While writing a paper on the development of moral reasoning, Hugh read that there is not much evidence to support Carol Gilligan's idea that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning. However, he found that there is empirical evidence that:

Which of the following people developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development?

Some people are obsessed with issues of life and death from adolescence or early adulthood onward.

Psychological research shows that among healthy older adults, ______ experience the LARGEST declines in mental abilities.