After Two Weeks of Being Screamed at by His Drill

Multiple Choice

After two weeks of being screamed at by his drill sergeant at boot camp and shuddering with fear in response, a Marine recruit named Joe now shudders every time he hears the footsteps of his drill sergeant coming down the hall. When the drill sergeant enters the room, Joe snaps to attention and salutes. In this example, shuddering to the sound of the footsteps is _____ and saluting is _____.

A) an operant response in the presence of a discriminative stimulus; a conditioned response
B) an unconditioned response; an example of latent learning
C) a conditioned response; an operant response in the presence of a discriminative stimulus
D) an unconditioned response; an example of learned helplessness