Question 1

A clinical psychologist can hospitalize people and order biomedical therapies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The dependent measures obtained in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were questionnaire responses about health and diet and measures of physical health, including weight, percentage of body fat, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt outlined the connections between physiology and psychology in:

Accepted Answer

A)  his famous textbook titled Principles of Physiological Psychology, published in 1874. 
B)  a series of famous lectures at Clark University in 1909. 
C)  a public debate with William James at Harvard University. 
D)  his famous book Principles of Psychology, published in two volumes in 1890.

Question 4

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature at the end of Chapter 1, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testimonials from people who have actually used a psychology-related product, such as a hypnosis tape, represent strong evidence that a product is effective. 
B)  You would be wise to assume that your life experiences are identical to those of the vast majority of people. 
C)  You can trust the accuracy of a newspaper or magazine report of psychological findings as long as it appears in a well-known publication. 
D)  Correlational studies are often reported in the mass media with the implication that a cause-and-effect relationship exists.

Question 5

If an experiment is conducted properly, a control group is unnecessary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for social psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Increased levels of the male hormone, testosterone, causes increased aggressive behavior in laboratory rats" 
B)  "How the presence of other people affects helping behavior in public situations" 
C)  "Decreases in intellectual functioning can be reversed through increased mental activities in the older adult" 
D)  "Motivational effects of stress"

Question 7

The word pseudo means "rare" or "unusual."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Today, psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Meta-analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a statistical technique that combines and analyzes the findings from many different studies on a particular topic in order to determine overall trends. 
B)  the final step in the scientific method. 
C)  a type of computer program used to collect and analyze the results of case study research. 
D)  a pseudoscience.

Question 11

Conscious experiences are to unconscious experiences as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner; Abraham Maslow 
B)  Carl Rogers; Sigmund Freud 
C)  Wilhelm Wundt; John B. Watson 
D)  William James; Wilhelm Wundt

Question 12

A representative sample very closely matches the population from which it is drawn.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, when psychological research is reported in the mass media, which of the following criteria is a good indicator of credibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  the specific location where the research was conducted 
B)  the professional journal in which the research was originally published 
C)  whether the research was supported by a government grant 
D)  the number of participants who participated in the study

Question 14

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Several correlational studies all point to the conclusion that the more time students spend playing violent video games, the lower their grade point average tends to be. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  playing violent video games causes low grades. 
B)  low grades cause students to play violent video games. 
C)  the researchers have discovered a negative correlation between playing violent video games and grade point average. 
D)  the researchers have discovered a positive correlation between playing violent video games and grade point average.

Question 16

In their survey of how much time young people spent playing video games, psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill surveyed more than 200 students taking introductory psychology classes at a large midwestern university.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Case studies:

Accepted Answer

A)  are commonly used by clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals to develop a complete profile of a psychotherapy client. 
B)  were popular when psychology was first founded but are almost never used today. 
C)  are not considered to be a legitimate form of scientific evidence. 
D)  are the main scientific tool used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 18

Why was Mary Whiton Calkins denied the Ph.D. degree she had earned in her graduate studies of psychology at Harvard University?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her research was in an area called comparative psychology that was not recognized as a legitimate part of scientific psychology at Harvard University at the time. 
B)  At the time, Harvard University forbade the use of nonhuman animals in psychology research. 
C)  William James was opposed to opening the field of psychology to women and refused to support her application, despite the fact that she was his most brilliant student. 
D)  She was a woman, and at the time Harvard was not a coeducational institution.

Question 19

John's therapist focuses on how interpersonal relationships have influenced John's self-concept. John's therapist likely takes which of the following perspectives in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive psychology 
B)  humanistic 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  cross-cultural

Question 20

According to one of the pie charts in Chapter 1, the most common employment setting for psychologists is working for the federal government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

A clinical psychologist can hospitalize people and order biomedical therapies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

The dependent measures obtained in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were questionnaire responses about health and diet and measures of physical health, including weight, percentage of body fat, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI).

Wilhelm Wundt outlined the connections between physiology and psychology in:

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature at the end of Chapter 1, which of the following statements is TRUE?

If an experiment is conducted properly, a control group is unnecessary.

Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for social psychology?

The word pseudo means "rare" or "unusual."

Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations.

Today, psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Meta-analysis is:

Conscious experiences are to unconscious experiences as _ is to _.

A representative sample very closely matches the population from which it is drawn.

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, when psychological research is reported in the mass media, which of the following criteria is a good indicator of credibility?

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Several correlational studies all point to the conclusion that the more time students spend playing violent video games, the lower their grade point average tends to be. This means that:

In their survey of how much time young people spent playing video games, psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill surveyed more than 200 students taking introductory psychology classes at a large midwestern university.

Case studies:

Why was Mary Whiton Calkins denied the Ph.D. degree she had earned in her graduate studies of psychology at Harvard University?

John's therapist focuses on how interpersonal relationships have influenced John's self-concept. John's therapist likely takes which of the following perspectives in psychology?

According to one of the pie charts in Chapter 1, the most common employment setting for psychologists is working for the federal government.