Question 1

After examining surveys you collected from Culture X,you find that people's responses tend to gather toward the center of your scale.This phenomenon is known as the _____________ bias.

Accepted Answer

A) acquiescence 
B) social desirability 
C) moderacy 
D) deprivation 
E) extremity

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of a culture-level measure?

Accepted Answer

A) song lyrics 
B) a journal entry 
C) television programs 
D) school books 
E) magazine advertisements

Question 3

What is a problem with using the "back-translation" method?

Accepted Answer

A) One may inadvertently prime participants to think in ways that are similar to English speakers. 
B) The literal meaning of the words is sometimes lost. 
C) The researcher has no way of identifying whether the translators faithfully captured the meaning. 
D) The translation may sound very unnatural and may contain idioms that are unintelligible. 
E) Participants might not have good enough language skills to understand the materials.

Question 4

Reference-group effects in cross-cultural research occur because

Accepted Answer

A) people use social comparison to evaluate themselves. 
B) people do not really know how they feel. 
C) people from different cultures have different response styles. 
D) people value what they are most in need of. 
E) some words do not translate well into other languages.

Question 5

Using cultural priming,come up with a within-groups study design involving American and Japanese participants that examines whether independent or interdependent mind-sets affect their feelings of connectedness with their friends (ignore response biases as a consideration for this question).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using cultural priming,come up with a within-groups...

Question 6

Your new research project is to examine the extent to which a culture values freedom.You decided that the simplest way to measure this is to use culture-level measures.As such,which of the following would you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Average a group of people's scores on a measure of "attitude toward freedom." 
B) Add up the frequency with which the word "freedom" appears in magazines. 
C) Ask people to rate how much other people around them value freedom. 
D) Scan for the parts of people's brains that show increased activity in response to words related to freedom. 
E) Take an online survey to gather data from as many people as possible regarding how much they value freedom.

Question 7

What is a strategy for avoiding problems with the reference-group effect?

Accepted Answer

A) standardizing people's responses 
B) combining the cultures' respective reference groups 
C) reverse-scoring half of the items 
D) counterbalancing the order of the items 
E) using concrete response options

Question 8

Which of the following is one problem especially associated with studies using WEIRD samples?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers cannot use effective independent variables. 
B) They are very difficult to unpackage. 
C) It is difficult to find powerful dependent variables. 
D) They have very low generalizability. 
E) They make it especially impractical to use multiple methods.

Question 9

Dr.H wants to unpackage the cultural difference between Japanese and American horror movies.What is Dr.H trying to find out?

Accepted Answer

A) Japanese and Americans' opinions about Japanese and American horror movies 
B) what the Japanese think about American horror movies,and vice versa 
C) how much statistical power this difference has 
D) the underlying reasons for this difference 
E) the generalizability of this difference

Question 10

Tom comes from a family of cattle herders,while Jack comes from a rice-farming family.They are both recruited to participate in a study that uses a within-subjects manipulation.In the study,the researchers want to see how angry they would get if they were insulted versus if they were not insulted.Anger was measured using blood pressure.Based on Nisbett and Cohen's research on the culture of honor,draw a graph of what you would expect the data to look like.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tom comes from a family of cattle...

Question 11

An advantage of the situation-sampling method is that it

Accepted Answer

A) can be used with more than one culture at a time. 
B) does not require the experimenter to translate any materials. 
C) controls for cultural differences in response biases. 
D) allows researchers to see how people in different cultures would respond if they were in the other groups' cultural worlds. 
E) equates the reference group across cultures.

Question 12

In your initial study,you noticed that your participants tended to say they strongly agreed with all of the items on your questionnaire.When doing a follow-up study,how would you tell that your original participants suffered from acquiescence bias?

Accepted Answer

A) Use concrete as opposed to subjective response options. 
B) Use a scale with an odd number of response options. 
C) Ensure that the items are thoroughly back-translated. 
D) Reverse-score half of the items. 
E) None of these choices will correct the problem.

Question 13

If you wanted to do a study using a within-groups manipulation to examine whether European Canadians can be made to think like Canadians and East Asians,which of the following would be the most relevant and appropriate methodology?

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment 
B) standardization 
C) between-groups manipulation 
D) acculturation 
E) cultural priming

Question 14

You are hoping to study how people from Denmark and people from Russia differ on levels of happiness.You are concerned about your study being susceptible to the reference-group effect.What is one way of measuring happiness that lessens your study's susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are hoping to study how people...

Question 15

Dr.G is conducting a study to see whether people can be made to think in terms of East Asian and Western thoughts.Using college students in two cultures as participants,and using a very insensitive cultural prime for each participant,Dr.G measured how much they believe in Chinese medicine.A sample of the dataset is given below.  This study employs a _____________ manipulation,has low _____________,and the prime is classified as a(n)_____________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) between-groups;generalizability;independent 
B) between-groups;power;independent 
C) between-groups;generalizability;dependent 
D) within-groups;power;independent 
E) within-groups;generalizability;independent

Exam 4: Methods for Studying Culture and Psychology