Vance Recently Took Over the Role of Director of an Academic

Multiple Choice

Vance recently took over the role of director of an academic unit at a large university. While Vance has a Type A personality and is very organized and direct, his predecessor was very Type B and liked to roll with the flow. Due to his predecessor's personality, it is likely Vance will experience a long period of difficult change due to which phenomena?

A) utilitarianism
B) formal regulation
C) ethics
D) historical precedent
E) anchoring bias