Before Charles Darwin, Scientists Such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Envisioned Evolutionary

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Before Charles Darwin, scientists such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck envisioned evolutionary change as transformational-properties of an ensemble change because every member of the ensemble changes. Darwin's theory of evolutionary change was, by contrast, a variational one-the properties of an ensemble change because of the action of some sorting process acting on preexisting variation within the ensemble. Referring to the figure, describe the kind of sorting process that takes place (a) when we use artificial selection to change the characteristics of a breed of animals or plants and (b) when natural selection operates on a population.