Question 1

Our perception of a target is affected by the characteristics of the target and not by our personality and past experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It shows consensus. 
B)  It shows similarity. 
C)  It shows reliability. 
D)  It shows consistency. 
E)  It shows distinctiveness.

Question 3

Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our perception of reality depends on our past experiences. 
B)  Our perception of reality depends on our personality. 
C)  The relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of the target. 
D)  The time at which we see an object can influence our perception of the object. 
E)  Our motives and expectations affect our perception of a target.

Question 4

When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  pygmalion effect 
B)  emotional dissonance 
C)  attribution theory 
D)  two-factor theory 
E)  the framing effect

Question 5

When we make judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend to overestimate the influence of external factors and underestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  external locus of control 
B)  intrinsic task motivation 
C)  emotional intelligence 
D)  positivity offset 
E)  selective perception

Question 7

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Business schools generally train students to follow ________ decision-making models.

Accepted Answer

A)  intuitive 
B)  convolutional 
C)  rational 
D)  bounded rationality 
E)  sequential

Question 9

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in escalation of commitment than those who spend less time thinking about their choices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  follow the rational decision-making model 
B)  seek the optimal decision 
C)  obtain complete information about all possible alternatives before making a decision 
D)  evaluate all the possible options in an unbiased and objective manner 
E)  find a satisfactory and sufficient solution

Question 11

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others....

Question 12

Discuss some of the errors in perceptual judgment made by interviewers in job interviews.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the errors in perceptual...

Question 13

________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  ERG 
B)  Hierarchy of needs 
C)  Acquired needs 
D)  Attribution 
E)  Two factor

Question 14

William thinks that all good looking people are kind and hardworking. In this example, the shortcut used by William to judge others is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contrast effect 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  framing effect 
D)  halo effect 
E)  impact bias

Question 15

Tom knows that the title insurance company made a mistake on his property title. Because of their mistake, his neighbor now has access to an easement road through the 25 acres located at the back of his property. He can't use the acreage for pasture, because his neighbor insists that the gates remain open. The title company has offered a $40,000 settlement. Tom has decided to take the settlement rather than possibly lose in court if he were to sue the title company for more money. Tom's decision is based on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  randomness error 
E)  escalation of commitment

Question 16

"A third criterion is to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially to ensure justice or an equitable distribution of benefits and costs". Which of the following statements is true regarding this criterion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Union members typically oppose this view. 
B)  It justifies paying people based on their performance. 
C)  It promotes risk taking and innovation. 
D)  It increases productivity. 
E)  It protects the interests of the underrepresented and less powerful.

Question 17

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  traceability 
B)  consistency 
C)  verifiability 
D)  relatedness 
E)  affect intensity

Question 18

Martha submitted a formal complaint to OSHA about unsafe work conditions in her company's warehouse. Martha is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarian thinker 
B)  judge 
C)  creative thinker 
D)  whistle-blower 
E)  humanitarian

Question 19

You are more likely to notice cars like your own due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotyping 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  selective perception 
D)  halo effect 
E)  contrast effect

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. 
B)  Rational decision-making models involve constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. 
C)  The rational decision-making model involves satisficing; seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. 
D)  The rational decision-making model assumes that an individual is able to identify all the relevant options in an unbiased manner. 
E)  The rational decision-making process is an unconscious one created from distilled experience.

Exam 5: Perception and Individual Decision Making

Our perception of a target is affected by the characteristics of the target and not by our personality and past experiences.

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?

When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon?

When we make judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend to overestimate the influence of external factors and underestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and ________.

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.

Business schools generally train students to follow ________ decision-making models.

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in escalation of commitment than those who spend less time thinking about their choices.

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

Discuss some of the errors in perceptual judgment made by interviewers in job interviews.

________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

William thinks that all good looking people are kind and hardworking. In this example, the shortcut used by William to judge others is called the ________.

"A third criterion is to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially to ensure justice or an equitable distribution of benefits and costs". Which of the following statements is true regarding this criterion?

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Martha submitted a formal complaint to OSHA about unsafe work conditions in her company's warehouse. Martha is a ________.

You are more likely to notice cars like your own due to ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?