Question 1

Which of the following is a condition favoring deposition of sediment?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in water velocity 
B) a decrease in gradient of the stream 
C) an increase in turbulence of the water 
D) an increase in the salt content of the water 
E) a decrease in grain size as a clast breaks into two pieces

Question 2

What is a reasonable interpretation for the flow event recorded by this hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

A) there were two pulses of runoff because there were two storms 
B) the drainage basin has several distinct parts 
C) one pulse could be due to snowmelt and the other to rain 
D) All of these.

Question 3

How did the entrenched meanders shown in this figure form?

Accepted Answer

A) Rising seas flooded a meandering river valley. 
B) The land subsided and the river deposited sediment. 
C) A meandering river carved into the land due to uplift or falling base level. 
D) None of these.

Question 4

Which of the following is commonly associated with tributaries?

Accepted Answer

A) rapids when the tributary joins the main river 
B) delivery of sediment to the main river 
C) an increase in the discharge in the main river 
D) All of these.

Question 5

Which event is best represented by the hydrograph shown here?

Accepted Answer

A) a summer thunderstorm 
B) a very long period of steady light rain 
C) a long drought with no rain for months 
D) a winter snowstorm followed by very cold weather

Question 6

Which of the following profiles does NOT match its position on the stream?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 7

Stream terraces represent

Accepted Answer

A) older floodplains of a river that has incised downward. 
B) cutoff meanders of a meandering stream. 
C) areas where sea level has risen and waves beveled across the coast. 
D) None of these.

Question 8

What units of measure would most likely be represented by letters A-E on the bottom of the accompanying hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

A) meters 
B) hours 
C) kilograms 
D) miles

Question 9

At which site along this stream would a cut bank form?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 10

What type of stream is shown in this photograph?

Accepted Answer

A) meandering stream 
B) braided stream 
C) a stream whose main channel has high sinuosity 
D) an esker

Question 11

Which of the following is properly called a flood?

Accepted Answer

A) when a meander is cut off and forms a lake 
B) when the entire bottom of the channel is covered with water 
C) if water spreads out over the floodplain 
D) when water is 1 meter below the top of the channel

Question 12

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

Accepted Answer

A) point bar 
B) floodplain 
C) levee 
D) None of these.

Question 13

In this diagram, water velocity downstream generally

Accepted Answer

A) decreases. 
B) remains the same. 
C) increases. 
D) There is no way to tell because discharge cannot be determined.

Question 14

If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate, how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?

Accepted Answer

A) Only very small particles will be present along the stream bottom. 
B) Particles neither move in, nor move out of this part of the stream. 
C) As the sediment moves downstream, it is replaced by a similar volume of sediment. 
D) Pebbles and cobbles carried away are replaced by the same number of smaller particles.

Question 15

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

Accepted Answer

A) point bar 
B) oxbow lake 
C) cutbank 
D) None of these.

Question 16

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 17

What can you conclude by comparing the left and right hydrographs, each of which depict the same amount of time?

Accepted Answer

A) The left diagram has a higher peak discharge. 
B) The right diagram represents a quicker event, like a flash flood. 
C) Neither graph shows a true flood. 
D) None of these.

Question 18

What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in gradient downstream 
B) a straight-line profile reflecting a constant decrease in gradient 
C) an abrupt increase followed by a gradual decrease 
D) a curved shape that flattens out downstream 
E) None of these.

Question 19

This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest.Which is the oldest terrace?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 20

Based on the accompanying hydrograph, what was the stream discharge when the data period shown in the graph ended?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.8 meters per second 
B) 4 meters per second 
C) 4 cubic meters per second 
D) 9 cubic meters per second 
E) 10 cubic meters per second

Exam 13: Streams and Flooding

Which of the following is a condition favoring deposition of sediment?

What is a reasonable interpretation for the flow event recorded by this hydrograph?

How did the entrenched meanders shown in this figure form?

Which of the following is commonly associated with tributaries?

Which event is best represented by the hydrograph shown here?

Which of the following profiles does NOT match its position on the stream?

Stream terraces represent

What units of measure would most likely be represented by letters A-E on the bottom of the accompanying hydrograph?

At which site along this stream would a cut bank form?

What type of stream is shown in this photograph?

Which of the following is properly called a flood?

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

In this diagram, water velocity downstream generally

If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate, how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

What can you conclude by comparing the left and right hydrographs, each of which depict the same amount of time?

What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?

This figure shows four numbered river terraces, with 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest.Which is the oldest terrace?

Based on the accompanying hydrograph, what was the stream discharge when the data period shown in the graph ended?