Question 1

What helps us understand how cues specific to an event or person will most effectively trigger a memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding specificity principle 
B)  state-dependent memory 
C)  priming 
D)  LTP

Question 2

When Sperling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only one-twentieth of a second,research participants

Accepted Answer

A)  recalled only half the letters because they did not have enough time to see all of them. 
B)  recalled only about seven of the letters due to storage limitations. 
C)  had a momentary photographic memory of all nine letters. 
D)  formed a sensory memory of no more than a single letter.

Question 3

On the phone,Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store.Immediately after hearing the list,Kyoko attempts to write down the items.She is most likely to forget the items

Accepted Answer

A)  at the beginning of the list. 
B)  at the end of the list. 
C)  in the middle of the list. 
D)  at the beginning and in the middle of the list.

Question 4

The original Atkinson and Shiffrin three-stage model of memory has been revised with newer concepts,including

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory. 
B)  automatic processing. 
C)  both working memory and automatic processing. 
D)  neither working memory nor automatic processing.

Question 5

Recalling the stunning visual images of a Broadway musical and holding them in working memory would most clearly require activation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  right frontal lobe. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  amygdala.

Question 6

Simply identifying previously learned items in a multiple-choice test question constitutes a measure of retention known as

Accepted Answer

A)  relearning. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  rehearsal. 
D)  recall.

Question 7

Retaining information over time through encoding,storage,and retrieval best describes

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel processing. 
B)  automatic processing. 
C)  the two-track mind. 
D)  memory.

Question 8

In Alan Baddeley's model of working memory,coordinating our focused processing of memories is the task of a hypothetical

Accepted Answer

A)  information processor. 
B)  central executive. 
C)  retention curve. 
D)  neural network.

Question 9

Julie most accurately recalls information learned in her history classroom when her recall is tested in the very same classroom.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the serial position effect. 
B)  context-dependent memory. 
C)  memory consolidation. 
D)  flashbulb memory.

Question 10

Semantic memory is best described as ________ memory of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit;personally experienced events 
B)  implicit;personally experienced events 
C)  explicit;facts and general knowledge 
D)  implicit;facts and general knowledge

Question 11

Conscious memories of facts and experiences are called ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  echoic 
B)  procedural 
C)  explicit 
D)  iconic

Question 12

The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  massed practice. 
D)  hierarchical organization.

Question 13

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood abuse,Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history.This best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  positive transfer. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 14

Brenda remembers everything about the day she was married.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  LTP. 
B)  memory consolidation. 
C)  priming. 
D)  a flashbulb memory.

Question 15

Chunking refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery. 
B)  the organization of information into meaningful units. 
C)  the unconscious encoding of incidental information. 
D)  the tendency to recognize names we can't recall.

Question 16

After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile,infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the serial position effect. 
B)  context-dependent memory. 
C)  flashbulb memory. 
D)  infantile amnesia.

Question 17

Therapists who have used memory recovery techniques have often led their clients to believe that difficulties remembering their experience of sexual abuse may result from

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  positive transfer. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  repression.

Question 18

Words,images,and other bits of information used to access a stored memory are called

Accepted Answer

A)  LTPs. 
B)  retrieval cues. 
C)  memory traces. 
D)  target stimuli.

Question 19

Many of the research participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident.This experiment best illustrated

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  positive transfer. 
D)  the misinformation effect.

Question 20

Learning a new online banking password may block the recall of a familiar old password.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect. 
B)  retroactive interference. 
C)  source amnesia. 
D)  proactive interference.

Exam 8: Memory