In Class Tom Sits Slouched in His Seat, with His

Multiple Choice

In class Tom sits slouched in his seat, with his arms crossed and a continual you-can't-make-me-learn expression on his face. He never participates in class discussions (even when specifically called on) , and he never turns in assignments. Which one of the following is least likely to be an explanation for Tom's behavior?

A) He has little self-efficacy for succeeding at academic tasks.
B) He wants to maintain a good image with low-achieving friends.
C) He sees no relevance of classroom subject matter to his own life.
D) He has no motivation whatsoever.