Question 1

A PCWP of 5 mm Hg and a CI of 1.5 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Left ventricular failure
B)   Blood volume loss
C)   Pulmonary edema
D)   Peripheral hypoperfusion B

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of PCWP?
I.Normally its force is 6 to 12 mm Hg.
II.When the PCWP rises above 18 mm Hg, early clinical signs of pulmonary edema appear on the chest x-ray image.
III.Above 25 mm Hg the chest x-ray film shows obvious evidence of pulmonary edema.
IV.PCWP is a valuable clinical tool for monitoring the effects of intravenous fluid infusions in hemodynamically unstable patients.

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, III
B)   I, III
C)   II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III, IV D

Question 3

Which of the following are the major vascular factors that determine venous return and cardiac output?
I.Right atrial pressure
II.Mean filling pressure of the systemic circulation
III.Vascular resistance to blood flow between the peripheral vessels and the right atrium
IV.Capillary pressure

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II
B)   III, IV
C)   I, II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III D

Question 4

A PCWP > 18 mm Hg and a CI < 2.2 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Left ventricular failure
B)   Blood volume loss
C)   Pulmonary edema
D)   Peripheral hypoperfusion

Question 5

Where is the Swan-Ganz catheter placed if a waveform shows a clear, sharp upstroke on the left, falling to a distinct notch in the downstroke on the right?

Accepted Answer

A)   Left atrium
B)   Right ventricle
C)   Pulmonary artery
D)   Right atrium

Question 6

Which of the following factors restrict ventricular expansion during diastole?
I.An already overstretched, distended ventricle
II.Pericardial tamponade
III.Myocardial infarction
IV.The increased pressure surrounding the heart during positive pressure mechanical ventilation, especially in the presence of high levels of PEEP

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, III
B)   I, III
C)   II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III, IV

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of ejection fraction?
I.It is a measure of ventricular contractility.
II.The heart's normal ejection fraction is approximately 60% of the end-diastolic volume under resting conditions.
III.The heart's normal ejection fraction is approximately 90% of the end-diastolic volume in strenuous exercise.
IV.The heart's normal ejection fraction is approximately 80% of the end-diastolic volume under resting conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II
B)   I, III, IV
C)   I, II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III

Question 8

What is a major concern in the administration of inotropic drugs for myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A)   They produce vasodilation.
B)   They increase heart rate.
C)   They produce reactive vasoconstriction.
D)   They increase myocardial work and oxygen demand.

Question 9

Which of the following pressures is a clinical indicator of ventricular afterload?

Accepted Answer

A)   LVEDP
B)   CVP
C)   PCWP
D)   MAP

Question 10

Which of the following measurements is associated with increased afterload and with increased myocardial work and oxygen consumption for a given cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)   LVEDP
B)   CVP
C)   PCWP
D)   MAP

Question 11

How soon after coronary artery occlusion should fibrinolytics be administered to improve survival?

Accepted Answer

A)   Within 5 minutes
B)   Within 1 hour
C)   Within 2 hours
D)   Within 24 hours

Question 12

When the balloon-tipped catheter wedges in a small pulmonary arteriole, the blood pressure measured through the distal lumen is approximately the same as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Right atrium
B)   Right ventricle
C)   Left atrium
D)   Left ventricle

Question 13

Which of the following is considered a preload pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   LVEDP
B)   CVP
C)   PCWP
D)   MAP

Question 14

What is considered the hallmark of cardiac contractility?

Accepted Answer

A)   Preload pressure
B)   Afterload pressure
C)   Mean arterial blood pressure
D)   Conduction rate

Question 15

Which of the following is still considered the gold standard method of measuring hemodynamic variables such as cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)   Peripheral arterial catheter
B)   Central venous line
C)   Swan-Ganz catheter
D)   Femoral vein catheter

Question 16

Stroke volume is determined by which of the following factors?
I.Preload
II.Afterload
III.Contractility
IV.Conduction rate

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, III
B)   III, IV
C)   I, II, III, IV
D)   II, III

Question 17

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of left ventricular failure?
I.High systemic blood pressure
II.Dyspnea
III.Skin cool and clammy
IV.Fine crackles

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, IV
B)   I, II, III
C)   II, III, IV
D)   I, II, III, IV

Question 18

Which pharmacologic agent should be administered to a patient with abnormally low vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inotropes
B)   IV fluids
C)   Vasopressors
D)   Oxygen

Question 19

Which of the following parameters is the most important in controlling cardiac output in healthy people?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pumping ability
B)   Heart rate
C)   Conduction rate
D)   Venous return

Question 20

A PCWP of 25 mm Hg and a CI of 1.5 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Left ventricular failure
B)   Blood volume loss
C)   Pulmonary edema
D)   Peripheral hypoperfusion

Exam 20: Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

A PCWP of 5 mm Hg and a CI of 1.5 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?

Which of the following are the major vascular factors that determine venous return and cardiac output? I.Right atrial pressure II.Mean filling pressure of the systemic circulation III.Vascular resistance to blood flow between the peripheral vessels and the right atrium IV.Capillary pressure

A PCWP > 18 mm Hg and a CI < 2.2 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?

Where is the Swan-Ganz catheter placed if a waveform shows a clear, sharp upstroke on the left, falling to a distinct notch in the downstroke on the right?

What is a major concern in the administration of inotropic drugs for myocardial infarction?

Which of the following pressures is a clinical indicator of ventricular afterload?

Which of the following measurements is associated with increased afterload and with increased myocardial work and oxygen consumption for a given cardiac output?

How soon after coronary artery occlusion should fibrinolytics be administered to improve survival?

When the balloon-tipped catheter wedges in a small pulmonary arteriole, the blood pressure measured through the distal lumen is approximately the same as which of the following?

Which of the following is considered a preload pressure?

What is considered the hallmark of cardiac contractility?

Which of the following is still considered the gold standard method of measuring hemodynamic variables such as cardiac output?

Stroke volume is determined by which of the following factors? I.Preload II.Afterload III.Contractility IV.Conduction rate

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of left ventricular failure? I.High systemic blood pressure II.Dyspnea III.Skin cool and clammy IV.Fine crackles

Which pharmacologic agent should be administered to a patient with abnormally low vascular resistance?

Which of the following parameters is the most important in controlling cardiac output in healthy people?

A PCWP of 25 mm Hg and a CI of 1.5 L/min/m² is consistent with which of the following conditions?