Question 1

Christopher's mother is considering different wallpapers for decorating Christopher's room. She asks him, "Which one do you like better: the striped or the plaid?" Christopher's vocabulary doesn't include the word "plaid," but he's able to figure out what the word must mean based on the context. Christopher is using _____ to add a new word to his vocabulary.

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical addition 
B)  categorical embellishment 
C)  vocabulary expansion 
D)  fast-mapping

Question 2

Low-income males in Chicago who attended the High/Scope preschool had such long-lasting benefits from the program that for every $1 spent on the program, society saved _____ because as adults, the men avoided incarceration and paid income taxes.

Accepted Answer

A)  $2 
B)  $4 
C)  $7 
D)  $12

Question 3

"I catched two mouses in a trap" is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentric speech 
B)  overregularization 
C)  literal translation 
D)  past imperfect tense

Question 4

Preoperational intelligence _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  allows children to think in symbols 
B)  includes logical reasoning 
C)  is characterized by reversibility of thought 
D)  relies on children's motor skills and senses

Question 5

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  assistance is offered in a warm and gentle manner 
B)  child is at least 6 years old 
C)  child is in the period of preoperations 
D)  skill is within the child's zone of proximal development

Question 6

Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on something other than appearances 
B)  use deductive reasoning to solve a problem 
C)  believe that what has been done cannot be undone 
D)  engage in centration when another solution is needed

Question 7

Four-year-old Faisal and his mother were visiting Faisal's older sister's kindergarten classroom. Faisal pointed at his sister's teacher and asked his mother, "What's that mom's name?" Faisal's apparent assumption that all women are mothers is evidence of his use of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical addition 
B)  categorical embellishment 
C)  vocabulary expansion 
D)  fast-mapping

Question 8

Aaliyah lies in her bed at night, talking out loud. Her parents listen from the hallway and hear her talking about her day as if she's talking to another person. What should her parents conclude about Aaliyah's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  She's engaging in private speech, and it is completely normal. 
B)  She's engaging in private speech, and it is a sign of abnormal development. 
C)  She thinks there is someone else in the room. 
D)  Children who talk out loud when alone are usually experiencing bullying at school.

Question 9

Which child is MOST apt to have the best-developed theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nanette, age 3, who is the oldest of three children 
B)  Brianna, age 4, who is an only child 
C)  Boris, age 3 1/2, who has a twin sister 
D)  Reginald, age 3 1/2, who has two older siblings

Question 10

Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  were less likely to need special education and more likely to attend college 
B)  had higher IQ scores in high school and were more likely to attend college 
C)  had higher IQ scores in high school but were less likely to attend college 
D)  had higher math and reading achievement at age 10 and higher IQ scores in high school

Question 11

A study of 5-year-old children in Milwaukee showed that those who attended a Montessori preschool were more advanced in _____ skills than those who did not attend.

Accepted Answer

A)  art 
B)  social 
C)  second language 
D)  math

Question 12

Skills that the child can accomplish with assistance but can't yet perform independently are part of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  private speech 
B)  the gap between heredity and learning 
C)  distal development 
D)  the zone of proximal development

Question 13

By the age of 2, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words; by the age of 6, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words.

Accepted Answer

A)  500; 10,000 
B)  5,000: 10,000 
C)  200; 40,000 
D)  100; 2,000

Question 14

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement for academic accomplishments 
B)  assimilation and accommodation skills 
C)  children's creativity and artistic talent 
D)  self-esteem and self-concept

Question 15

When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to Jennie's _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  static reasoning 
B)  abstract reasoning 
C)  concrete thinking 
D)  irreversibility

Question 16

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  offer comfort to a crying playmate 
B)  tell a lie 
C)  feel anger 
D)  take turns sharing

Question 17

Logical extension involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  linking a newly learned word to other objects in the same category 
B)  mentally charting new words 
C)  applying a new concept to a preexisting category 
D)  equilibration

Question 18

When shown a novel object and told that it is called a "wug," preschoolers know that two of those objects would be two "wugs." This ability to correctly add an -s when pluralizing is evidence of their proper use of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inflections 
B)  logical extensions 
C)  grammar 
D)  theory-theory

Question 19

Sydney helps her 2-year-old daughter to make hot chocolate. She helps the child to measure teaspoons of cocoa into a cup, add water, stir the contents, and then microwave the cup. Sydney is providing _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding 
B)  overstimulation 
C)  conservation skills 
D)  the zone of proximal development

Question 20

Jake's father takes him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, Jake is excited, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his father's efforts to assure Jake that his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the characteristic known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  animism 
B)  centration 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  irreversibility

Exam 9: Seciton 3: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development