Question 1

Research indicates that the process of moral thinking _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deteriorates with age 
B)  improves with age 
C)  remains the same with age 
D)  becomes erratic with age

Question 2

A new pedagogical technique in which students are required to watch videos of a lecture on their computers before class and then participate in discussions in class facilitated by the professor is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a MOOC 
B)  a nontraditional student 
C)  a flipped class 
D)  massification

Question 3

The worry that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overcompensation 
B)  dialectical thought 
C)  stereotype threat 
D)  disidentification

Question 4

Which college student is most likely to experience shifts in moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jed, who is taking a philosophy course 
B)  Trista, who is taking a calculus course 
C)  Ben, who is taking a pottery course 
D)  Carrie, who is taking an accounting course

Question 5

Ami thinks that she may be negatively compared to another group. According to the theory of stereotype threat, her thinking is MOST apt to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause her to try harder 
B)  have no effect on her actual life 
C)  cause her to underperform 
D)  cause her to dislike the group that she fears being compared to

Question 6

The approach to studying cognitive development that explores how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information is the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 
B)  psychometric 
C)  information-processing 
D)  physiological

Question 7

Rachel dreaded going to her college psychology class with Dr. Marco. Professor Marco lectured for the entire 50 minutes about research findings and she did not always understand the information. One day, Professor Marco included personal stories in his lecture to illustrate the research concepts. Rachel found that she was better able to understand the material and think critically about it. She learned more when Dr. Marco used ____ in class.

Accepted Answer

A)  analysis only 
B)  emotion only 
C)  a combination of analysis and emotion 
D)  personal stories only

Question 8

Every night Sam says extra prayers to God so that he has prayers "in the bank." Due to his extra prayers Sam believes God will reward him in life rather than punish him. Sam is in what stage of faith?

Accepted Answer

A)  universalizing faith 
B)  synthetic-conventional faith 
C)  conjunctive faith 
D)  mythic-literal faith

Question 9

The study in which adults were asked to suggest solutions to various life problems demonstrated that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  it was very difficult for adults to generate more than one solution 
B)  familiarity with situations enabled adults to be more flexible 
C)  problems that were particularly emotional immobilized many adults 
D)  concrete thinkers generated the most solutions

Question 10

Which approach to studying cognitive development would be most likely to include tests that ask individuals to define the word "elementary" or make a design with blocks as shown on a picture?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage approach 
B)  psychometric approach 
C)  information-processing approach 
D)  physiological approach

Question 11

Dr. Marquette is a researcher who studies the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information throughout life. What approach to cognitive development does she take?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychometric 
B)  multidirectional 
C)  postformal 
D)  information-processing

Question 12

Although Dr. Johnson believes that women and men can perform equally well on a math test, Dr. Johnson is exploring if women perform worse on a math test when they are asked to indicate their gender prior to taking the text. Dr. Johnson is exploring the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive flexibility 
B)  stereotype threat 
C)  postconventional thinking 
D)  effortful control

Question 13

On his own time, Ron looked over his course syllabi for the term and realized that, in three weeks, he had three assignments due on one day. Ron decided he would do one assignment per week for the next three weeks so that he would have them all done by their due dates. Ron is demonstrating _____ thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  formal operational 
D)  postformal

Question 14

Dr. Richardson asks her class which age group is most in favor of same-sex marriage. A student raises his hand and correctly identifies _____ as being most in favor of it.

Accepted Answer

A)  emerging adults 
B)  young adults 
C)  middle-aged adults 
D)  older adults

Question 15

During emerging adulthood, religious service attendance becomes _____ frequent and the development of religious convictions become _____ frequent.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; less 
B)  more; more 
C)  less; more 
D)  more; less

Question 16

Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates its effects can be reduced by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work 
B)  raising Jackson's self-esteem through positive feedback 
C)  showing Jackson that other groups perform worse 
D)  giving Jackson additional tutoring in material he finds challenging

Question 17

Michelle begins an essay for her composition class by saying that knowing the truth sets people free. In her next paragraph, she explains that knowing the truth often involves learning about limitations and constraints on freedom. In her third paragraph, Michelle integrates these two perspectives. Michelle's essay demonstrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inconsistent thinking 
B)  moral reasoning 
C)  dialectical thinking 
D)  subjective thinking

Question 18

A student believes that divorce is right if the marriage partners are no longer in love, even if the couple has children together. The student is reasoning from a morality of _____ orientation.

Accepted Answer

A)  care 
B)  justice 
C)  absolute 
D)  relationships

Question 19

Helena is participating in a study in which she has to decide if she should cheat on a test. She is asked to rank-order possible solutions to cheating on the test. Helena is participating in a study that is using a _____ Test.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral Dilemma 
B)  Thematic Apperception 
C)  Defining Issues 
D)  Peabody

Question 20

The term massification means that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  college gives people better long-term health 
B)  mass practice can defeat stereotype threat 
C)  obesity increases for every year of education a person has 
D)  college could benefit everyone

Exam 18: Seciton 3: Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development