Question 1

What is infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is infantile amnesia?...

Question 2

When one uses polite language in formal conversations and personal, informal language in intimate conversations, one is demonstrating the knowledge of ________, or the appropriate use of language in different contexts.

Accepted Answer

A)  pragmatics 
B)  semantics 
C)  syntax 
D)  morphology

Question 3

List in order Jean Piaget's six substages of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

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Question 4

A ________ is the basic unit of sound in a language.

Accepted Answer

A)  morpheme 
B)  phoneme 
C)  grapheme 
D)  syntax

Question 5

Identify a special way that adults speak to babies that is characterized by language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, the use of simple words, and the use of simple sentences.

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Question 6

What is child-directed speech? What are some other strategies adults use to increase infants' acquisition of language?

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Question 7

As an infant, Mary suffered damage to the ________ of her brain. This injury severely affected her comprehension abilities; even though her speech is fluent, it remains incomprehensible.

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's area 
B)  SMA area 
C)  Morton's area 
D)  Wernicke's area

Question 8

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life. Psychologists find this normal and refer to it as

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive memory interference. 
B)  infantile amnesia. 
C)  child memory loss. 
D)  memory trace.

Question 9

According to Jean Piaget, identify the sixth and final substage of sensorimotor thought. This substage is apparent in children between 18 and 24 months of age. The infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols in this substage.

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Question 10

The interactionist view of language development emphasizes that

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary language center and the biological language device are both needed for language to develop. 
B)  language development occurs largely because of positive reinforcement. 
C)  the development of receptive language is universal, whereas the development of spoken language differs across cultures. 
D)  both biology and experience contribute to language development.

Question 11

Eight-month-old Andrew suffered brain damage at birth. His identical twin, Alex, had no brain damage. Research on habituation will likely predict that

Accepted Answer

A)  Alex will not habituate as well as Andrew. 
B)  both twins will habituate at about the same level. 
C)  Andrew will not habituate as well as Alex. 
D)  Alex will not exhibit any sort of habituation.

Question 12

Jean Piaget believed that children

Accepted Answer

A)  actively construct their own cognitive worlds. 
B)  passively react to their environments. 
C)  absorb their knowledge from the environment. 
D)  gain their view of the world from their parents.

Question 13

Andy is nine months old, but he seems to be struggling with following another's gaze and directing adults' attention. These could be early indicators of

Accepted Answer

A)  autism. 
B)  dyslexia. 
C)  ADHD. 
D)  low vision.

Question 14

Trenton was playing in a sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short and wide container into a tall and narrow container. When he poured the sand into the tall and narrow container, it appeared as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from and how it got into his container. As Trenton continued to try to solve this puzzle, he experienced considerable movement between states of cognitive ________ and ________ to produce cognitive change.

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium; disequilibrium 
B)  adaptation; organization 
C)  classification; modification 
D)  equilibration; categorization

Question 15

________ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation 
B)  Accommodation 
C)  Assimilation 
D)  Application

Question 16

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her, and she searches for it. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic manipulation 
B)  infinite generativity 
C)  telegraphic thinking 
D)  object permanence

Question 17

Identify Jean Piaget's concept that describes the cognitive conflict that occurs when information in the environment is inconsistent with a child's current schemes. This conflict is the motivation to modify schemes or develop new schemes that are more consistent with the outside world.

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Question 18

Sonali is a 10-month-old infant. While Sonali was watching her mother, her mother hid her favorite toy under a pillow. Sonali searched for the toy at the correct location and found it. Later, her mother hid the toy under a blanket while Sonali was watching her. Sonali still searched for the toy under the pillow. However, in another instance, Sonali correctly searched for the toy under the blanket. In the context of the A-not-B error, analyze the factors responsible for this inconsistency.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

From about 6 to 12 months of age, the maturation of the ________ and the surrounding cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, makes explicit memory possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  cerebellum

Question 20

Rebecca says "Milk spill" to which her grandfather replies "Yes, the milk spilled on the floor." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  reframing. 
B)  expanding. 
C)  correcting. 
D)  labeling.

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy