Question 1

Identify a disadvantage of breast feeding in the context of impoverished African countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  There is risk of passing HIV to babies through breast milk if the mothers have the virus. 
B)  Breast milk is less hygienic than infant formula. 
C)  Breast feeding predominantly deteriorates the health of the mother. 
D)  Mothers who breast feed have a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Question 2

Name the lobe in the brain that is responsible for voluntary movement and thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the lobe in the brain that...

Question 3

Which of the following technologies measures infants' brains as they are exploring the world around them?

Accepted Answer

A)  positron-emission tomography (PET) scans 
B)  functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) 
C)  brain electron sampling (BES) 
D)  electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 4

In the context of perceptual constancy, the recognition that an object's shape remains the same even though its orientation to the observer changes is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of perceptual constancy, the...

Question 5

In the "sticky mittens" research project, it was found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier. 
B)  the infants in the group without mittens developed grasping skills faster. 
C)  both groups developed grasping skills at the same pace. 
D)  the group without mittens developed better object manipulation skills.

Question 6

In the context of the four lobes of the brain, which of the following statements is true of the occipital lobes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are involved in voluntary movement. 
B)  They have an active role in hearing. 
C)  They function in vision. 
D)  They play an important role in motor control.

Question 7

In the context of reflexes, the ________ is a neonatal startle response in which a newborn arches its back, throws its head back, flings out its arms and legs, and then pulls its arms and legs close to the center of the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of reflexes, the ________...

Question 8

Which of the following is involved in providing energy to neurons and aids communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  perception 
B)  lateralization 
C)  myelination 
D)  habituation

Question 9

In the context of reflexes, the ________ enables newborns to get nourishment before they have associated a nipple with food and also serves as a self-soothing or self-regulating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of reflexes, the ________...

Question 10

Baby Kendra, who is six days old, is presented with two breast pads: one that has been used by her mother and that smells of the mother and the other that has not been used at all. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendra will probably not show any preference. 
B)  Kendra will prefer the pad that has been used by the mother. 
C)  Kendra will prefer the clean breast pad. 
D)  Whether she shows a preference depends on whether she has been fed recently or not.

Question 11

________ are tiny gaps, or junctions, between neurons' fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrites 
B)  Myelin sheaths 
C)  Neurotransmitters 
D)  Synapses

Question 12

In the context of grasping, which of the following statements is true of infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  At different stages of development, infants use different perceptual systems to coordinate grasping. 
B)  Newborn infants rely greatly on vision to determine how they will grasp an object. 
C)  Experience plays a minor role in reaching and grasping in infants. 
D)  Infants grasp small objects with all of the fingers of one hand or both hands.

Question 13

The interpretation of sensory information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation. 
B)  reception. 
C)  perception. 
D)  transition.

Question 14

Fantz's research method to study sensory and perceptual development-studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli-is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation and dishabituation method. 
B)  orienting response and tracking method. 
C)  visual preference method. 
D)  high-amplitude sucking method.

Question 15

Name the part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the part of the neuron that...

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of perceptual constancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory stimulation remains constant, but perception of the physical world changes. 
B)  Sensory stimulation changes, but perception of the physical world remains constant. 
C)  Constant sensory stimulation receives a constant perceptual response. 
D)  Perception of the physical world remains constant because of limited visual acuity.

Question 17

Developmentalist Arnold Gesell proposed that motor development comes about through

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated experiences. 
B)  the unfolding of a genetic plan. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  a conducive environment.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about infants and REM sleep is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When infants are three months old, the amount of time they spend in REM sleep begins to increase. 
B)  Most infants spend about 70 percent of their sleeping time in REM sleep. 
C)  REM sleep might promote the brain's development in infancy. 
D)  Older adults are the only group that spends more time in REM sleep than infants.

Question 19

________ are built-in reactions to stimuli; they govern a newborn's movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn's control.

Accepted Answer

A)  Instincts 
B)  Reflexes 
C)  Impulses 
D)  Urges

Question 20

________ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors-the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensation 
B)  Perception 
C)  Reception 
D)  Transition

Exam 4: Physical Development in Infancy