Question 1

Gwendolyn, a pregnant woman, is undergoing a prenatal medical procedure in which her doctor directs high-frequency sound waves into her abdomen to create a visual representation of the fetus's inner structures. The doctor informs her that the procedure will reveal the number of fetuses she is carrying, detect abnormalities in the fetus, and give clues to the sex of the baby. In this scenario, which of the following prenatal medical procedures is Gwendolyn most likely undergoing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chorionic villus sampling 
B)  Triple screen 
C)  Amniocentesis 
D)  Ultrasound sonography

Question 2

Rachel loves to read books, and she also encourages her daughter to read by regularly taking her to the local library and buying her lots of books. Rachel's daughter is now an avid reader. This reflects a(n) ________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive genotype-environment 
B)  evocative genotype-environment 
C)  influential genotype-environment 
D)  active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

Question 3

In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has ________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  46 paired 
B)  23 unpaired 
C)  23 paired 
D)  46 unpaired

Question 4

Which of the following is the main risk factor that a couple must be aware of when undergoing fertility treatments?

Accepted Answer

A)  high birth weight in babies conceived through such treatments 
B)  an increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used 
C)  negative psychological impact on children conceived through such treatments 
D)  significant differences in developmental outcomes for children conceived through such treatments

Question 5

Tamara, an African American, is born with a genetic disorder that causes her body's red blood cells to become hook shaped instead of being disk shaped, impairing the normal oxygen-carrying capacity of the cells. The doctors explain to Tamara's parents that this condition, however, makes her resistant to malaria. Which of the following disorders is Tamara most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tay-Sachs disease 
B)  Sickle-cell anemia 
C)  Leukemia 
D)  Huntington's disease

Question 6

________ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person.

Accepted Answer

A)  Triplets 
B)  Identical twins 
C)  Fraternal twins 
D)  Quadruplets

Question 7

Which of the following would be an appropriate course of treatment for a person diagnosed with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Medication for pain, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea 
B)  Insulin treatment 
C)  Blood transfusions/injection 
D)  Physical and oxygen therapy, synthetic enzymes, and antibiotics

Question 8

Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red feathers are better able to survive and avoid predators. This means that the population of red-feathered birds will increase in future generations. This illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic selection. 
B)  natural adaptation. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  genetic survival.

Question 9

Jule's 23rd chromosome pair consists of an X chromosome and a Y chromosome. This indicates that Jule

Accepted Answer

A)  has Down syndrome. 
B)  has XYY syndrome. 
C)  is a female. 
D)  is a male.

Question 10

Mateo, an infant, is on a special diet as his parents are aware that he has a genetic disorder in which he cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Mateo's parents are also aware of the importance of this diet and that excess phenylalanine buildup in the infant will produce intellectual disability and hyperactivity. This genetic disorder results from a

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant gene. 
B)  recessive gene. 
C)  complementary gene. 
D)  longevity gene.

Question 11

Yelena is an outgoing person; therefore, people naturally tend to like her and find her personable. According to Scarr-McCartney, which genotype-environment interaction does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yelena is an outgoing person; therefore, people...

Question 12

During ________, a cell of the testes in men or ovaries in women duplicates its chromosomes and then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half the genetic material of the parent cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  osmosis 
D)  fertilization

Question 13

As an alternative to "________ evolutionism" presented in evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura proposed a ________ view.

Accepted Answer

A)  bidirectional; unidirectional 
B)  one-sided; bidirectional 
C)  dynamic; linear 
D)  balanced; biased

Question 14

A recessive gene exerts its influence only if both genes of a pair are

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive. 
B)  complementary. 
C)  conditional lethals. 
D)  dominant.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results from a recessive gene. 
B)  It is a chromosomal disorder. 
C)  It results in death by the age of five. 
D)  It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.

Question 16

Joshua, a two-year-old, has been diagnosed with ________, a blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply and can cause joint swelling and heart and kidney failure. This genetic disorder can be treated through penicillin, pain medication, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea.

Accepted Answer

A)  spina bifida 
B)  Tay-Sachs disease 
C)  sickle-cell anemia 
D)  Huntington's disease

Question 17

Erin, a 90-year-old, is healthy and leads an active lifestyle. Most of her relatives have lived to an old age. Researchers have found that Erin's family carries genes related to stress resistance, immunity, and metabolism that help extend life by repairing and protecting body tissues. In this scenario, which of the following genes is most likely responsible for Erin living to an old age?

Accepted Answer

A)  susceptibility genes 
B)  longevity genes 
C)  complimentary genes 
D)  mutated genes

Question 18

Sherry, a 3-year-old, has an extra copy of chromosome 21. She is often made fun of by other children because of her unusual looks; she has a round face and her skull is flat. She has a protruding tongue, and she finds it difficult to play because of her short limbs. Her parents find that her mental abilities are impaired when compared with other children her age. Sherry is most likely suffering from a chromosomal abnormality called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sherry, a 3-year-old, has an extra copy...

Question 19

In some cases of genotypic expression, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the ________ principle.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked genes 
B)  dominant-recessive genes 
C)  genetic imprinting 
D)  polygenic inheritance

Question 20

Define gene × environment (G ×
E) interaction. Give an example of a study (either your own or one from the book) that could illustrate the interaction between genes and the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define gene × environment (G ×
E) interaction....

Exam 2: Biological Beginnings