Question 1

While playing Trivial Pursuit,Jessica remembered that Wilfrid Laurier was Canada's first francophone prime minister.This type of memory of a piece of general historical knowledge is considered a ___ memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While playing Trivial Pursuit,Jessica remembered that Wilfrid...

Question 2

___ are knowledge structures that have been developed based on previous exposure to similar experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___ are knowledge structures that have been...

Question 3

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's ___ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about ___ digits correctly.

Accepted Answer

A)  working; 4 
B)  working; 7 
C)  sensory; 4 
D)  sensory; 7

Question 4

Recognition tasks are often harder than recall tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When the conditions of testing are the same as the conditions that were present when learning occurred,memory is facilitated.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  serial position. 
B)  elaborative encoding. 
C)  encoding specificity. 
D)  priming.

Question 6

Semantic is to ___,as episodic is to ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge; events 
B)  events; knowledge 
C)  events; movement 
D)  movement; events

Question 7

Your text describes a study (Cahill et al.,1994)in which participants either received a tranquilizer or a placebo and heard either an emotional or a neutral story.The accuracy of participants' story recall was then assessed.Which alternative below correctly names and identifies the variables in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variables - drug and story type; dependent variable - story recall accuracy 
B)  experimental variables - tranquilizer and story type; control variable - placebo 
C)  dependent variables - drug and story type; independent variable - story recall accuracy 
D)  experimental variables - tranquilizer and emotional story; control variables - placebo and neutral story

Question 8

In ___ amnesia,memory is lost for events preceding an injury or accident; in ___ amnesia,memory is lost for events following an injury or accident.

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde; anterograde 
B)  anterograde; retrograde 
C)  retroactive; proactive 
D)  proactive; retroactive

Question 9

Yulia was having difficulty learning Spanish in university because she kept remembering the French vocabulary she studied throughout high school.Which type of interference might account for this difficulty?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde 
B)  proactive 
C)  hyperactive 
D)  retroactive

Question 10

The fact that people can do two different tasks at once (e.g.: visual and auditory)but NOT two of the same tasks at once (e.g.: two visual)suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  information is processed in parallel. 
B)  processing of information is a serial event. 
C)  the flow of information passes from one memory store to the next. 
D)  visual information is processed with priority over auditory information.

Question 11

Infantile amnesia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that infants can only remember events for a few seconds at a time. 
B)  the fact that all of an infant's memories are grounded in a few sensory events. 
C)  the inability to remember content from the first few years of life. 
D)  the inability to form new memories when we're infants.

Question 12

Susan and her roommates want to order a pizza.She looks up the phone number of the pizza parlour and then asks everyone what they want on the pizza.When Susan goes to call the pizza parlour,will she remember the number? Why or why NOT?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Susan and her roommates want to order...

Question 13

Natasha is a graduate student who is replicating Lashley's work as part of her thesis.She first teaches rats a complex maze and then removes various parts of their brains.Finally,she tests them again on the maze to see how much they remember.If she replicates Lashley's results,what did she find?

Accepted Answer

A)  that none of the rats remember the maze after brain surgery 
B)  that some of the rats remember the maze after brain surgery and some of the rats don't 
C)  that all rats retained at least some memory of the maze, no matter what part of the brain she removed 
D)  that the memory of the maze depending on the area of the brain removed

Question 14

Elaine was getting bombarded with telemarketer calls so she eventually decided to change to an unlisted phone number.She then had to tell everyone her new number,and she was surprised at how often she would automatically say the old number.What kind of forgetting is Elaine experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  decay 
B)  retroactive interference 
C)  proactive interference 
D)  motivated forgetting

Question 15

Some psychologists believe that test anxiety results in inferior performance on examinations because the negative thoughts accompanying the anxiety impede the retrieval of test-relevant information.This illustrates an application of the ___ theory of forgetting.

Accepted Answer

A)  interference 
B)  misinformation 
C)  decay 
D)  repression

Question 16

While on vacation,you and your friends are driving along a highway listening to the radio.Later,as you are driving on a winding road at night,you find the radio distracting and turn it off.What would explain your change in attitude to listening to the radio?

Accepted Answer

The answer of While on vacation,you and your friends are...

Question 17

Which activity of memory involves recovery of information when it is needed?

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  processing 
C)  storage 
D)  retrieval

Question 18

The difference between retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia is that retrograde amnesia is ___ and anterograde amnesia is ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  the inability to remember personal details; the inability to remember factual information 
B)  gets progressively worse over time; shows improvements over time 
C)  due to an organic event; due to a dissociative event 
D)  the inability to remember things from before an organic event; the inability to form new memories after an organic event

Question 19

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recall involves retrieving information from long-term memory and recognition involves retrieving information from short-term memory. 
B)  Recall requires participants to produce information from memory and recognition requires participants to identify whether a particular item is new or old. 
C)  Recall involves automatic processing and recognition involves effortful processing. 
D)  Recall is improved with elaboration and recognition is improved with rehearsal.

Question 20

According to the information-processing model of memory,___is the first stage in which an image is retained by the brain for less than 1 second.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the information-processing model of memory,___is...

Exam 8: Memory