Question 1

According to expectancy theory,motivation will suffer when expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low;or when valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low;or when expectancy,instrumentality,and valence are all low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Intermittent reinforcement rewards behaviour only periodically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Learning by observing others is a self-efficacy enhancement method called:

Accepted Answer

A) The Copy Cat Theory 
B) Emotional Arousal 
C) Vicarious Modeling 
D) Relativity Theory 
E) Subconscious learning

Question 4

Employees who are employed on a part-time and temporary basis to supplement a permanent workforce are called contingency workers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The use of contingency workers has grown dramatically because they are just as committed to their employers as permanent workers are and they significantly improve productivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Virtual offices include everything from an office at home to mobile workspaces in automobiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

To achieve motivational benefits of goal setting,Locke recommends goal specificity,goal difficulty,goal acceptance,and goal commitment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A basic premise of reinforcement theory states: behaviour that results in pleasant outcomes is likely to be repeated,and behaviour that results in unpleasant outcomes is not likely to be repeated.This premise is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Outcome likelihood estimator. 
B) Law of effect. 
C) Reinforcement imperative. 
D) Behavioural results rule. 
E) Behavioural consequences paradigm.

Question 9

Kathy notices that most of her coworkers take extended lunch breaks.Kathy doesn't do this,but feels she is therefore justified in working a little less hard during the day.Kathy's decision to work "less hard" is best explained by the __________ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) Expectancy. 
B) Equity. 
C) Two-factor. 
D) Goal-setting. 
E) Acquired needs.

Question 10

Workers will respond positively to externally imposed goals if the supervisors assigning them are trusted and workers believe they will be adequately supported in their efforts to achieve the goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Flexible working hours usually result in a positive attitude toward the organization and higher job performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

__________ offer advice and insight on how people actually make choices to work hard or not,based on their individual preferences,the available rewards,and possible work outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Content theories of motivation. 
B) Process theories of motivation. 
C) Decision making theories. 
D) Behavioural planning theories. 
E) Leadership theories.

Question 13

Suppose there is a team-assembly job in which a designated group of workers has some planning and evaluating responsibilities.This illustrates the job design alternative of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Job enlargement. 
B) Job rotation. 
C) Job sharing. 
D) Job inducements. 
E) Job enrichment.

Question 14

An operant conditioning strategy designed to strengthen or increase the frequency of behaviour by making the avoidance of an unpleasant consequence contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour is called punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

All the following statements accurately describe Herzberg's hygiene factors EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) Hygiene reflects the things that turn people off. 
B) Hygiene refers to the work setting. 
C) Hygiene prevents job dissatisfaction from occurring. 
D) Hygiene contributes to job satisfaction. 
E) Hygiene includes working conditions,interpersonal relations,organizational policies,and salary.

Question 16

In those situations when job enrichment is a good choice,Hackman and associates recommend five ways to improve the core job characteristics;form natural units of work,combine tasks,establish client relationships,open feedback channels,and practice vertical loading.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to the equity model of motivation,which of the following is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Perceived inequity occurs whenever a person feels that the rewards received for his/her work efforts are unfair given the rewards others appear to be getting for their work efforts. 
B) Perceived equity occurs whenever a person perceives that his/her personal rewards/inputs ratio is equivalent to the rewards/inputs ratio of a comparison other. 
C) People who feel underpaid will increase their work efforts in order to increase their compensation. 
D) People who feel underpaid experience a sense of anger. 
E) People who feel overpaid experience a sense of guilt.

Question 18

A manager who advises someone's co-workers to ignore that person's disruptive behaviours during meetings is using __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reinforcement. 
B) Negative reinforcement. 
C) Punishment 
D) Extinction 
E) Shaping

Question 19

The more self-actualization needs that are satisfied,the stronger they are supposed to grow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Safety needs can be fulfilled with all of the following outcomes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) Job security. 
B) Base compensation. 
C) Benefits. 
D) Praise and recognition. 
E) Safe working conditions.

Exam 14: Motivation

According to expectancy theory,motivation will suffer when expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low;or when valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low;or when expectancy,instrumentality,and valence are all low.

Intermittent reinforcement rewards behaviour only periodically.

Learning by observing others is a self-efficacy enhancement method called:

Employees who are employed on a part-time and temporary basis to supplement a permanent workforce are called contingency workers.

The use of contingency workers has grown dramatically because they are just as committed to their employers as permanent workers are and they significantly improve productivity.

Virtual offices include everything from an office at home to mobile workspaces in automobiles.

To achieve motivational benefits of goal setting,Locke recommends goal specificity,goal difficulty,goal acceptance,and goal commitment.

A basic premise of reinforcement theory states: behaviour that results in pleasant outcomes is likely to be repeated,and behaviour that results in unpleasant outcomes is not likely to be repeated.This premise is known as the __________.

Kathy notices that most of her coworkers take extended lunch breaks.Kathy doesn't do this,but feels she is therefore justified in working a little less hard during the day.Kathy's decision to work "less hard" is best explained by the __________ theory of motivation.

Workers will respond positively to externally imposed goals if the supervisors assigning them are trusted and workers believe they will be adequately supported in their efforts to achieve the goals.

Flexible working hours usually result in a positive attitude toward the organization and higher job performance.

__________ offer advice and insight on how people actually make choices to work hard or not,based on their individual preferences,the available rewards,and possible work outcomes.

Suppose there is a team-assembly job in which a designated group of workers has some planning and evaluating responsibilities.This illustrates the job design alternative of __________.

An operant conditioning strategy designed to strengthen or increase the frequency of behaviour by making the avoidance of an unpleasant consequence contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour is called punishment.

All the following statements accurately describe Herzberg's hygiene factors EXCEPT:

In those situations when job enrichment is a good choice,Hackman and associates recommend five ways to improve the core job characteristics;form natural units of work,combine tasks,establish client relationships,open feedback channels,and practice vertical loading.

According to the equity model of motivation,which of the following is incorrect?

A manager who advises someone's co-workers to ignore that person's disruptive behaviours during meetings is using __________.

The more self-actualization needs that are satisfied,the stronger they are supposed to grow.

Safety needs can be fulfilled with all of the following outcomes EXCEPT: