Question 1

Attraction effect- stem In research on the attraction effect in problem solving,the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  advertising
B)  personal taste
C)  extraneous factors
D)  product price C

Question 2

Reserve capacity The idea of reserve capacity in research on aging and intelligence is very similar to the concept of ____________ in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  fallout
B)  preservation
C)  plasticity
D)  complexity C

Question 3

Perseveration Due to the tendency to engage in _______________,many older adults repeat the same words on tests of verbal fluency when they are asked to produce words that all begin with the same letter.

Accepted Answer

A)  task-switching
B)  assimilation
C)  perserveration
D)  inhibition C

Question 4

Pragmatics of intelligence The pragmatics of intelligence,in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm,emphasizes which type of abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding the role of culture
B)  Solving real-life problems
C)  Being able to respond quickly
D)  Having a strong working memory

Question 5

Dialectical thinking and post-formal operations The term dialectical thinking applies most closely to which concept based on Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal operations
B)  Logical thought
C)  Post-formal operations
D)  Fluid intelligence

Question 6

Mental clutter The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  speak in an adult-like manner.
B)  focus on the gist of a story.
C)  inhibit irrelevant information.
D)  repeat the same word over and over.

Question 7

Stages in problem-solving A technical repairperson is trying to determine the cause of a recent outage.The first step in the problem-solving is needed to repair the damage is for the repairperson to:

Accepted Answer

A)  use trial-and-error to check for causes.
B)  assess the situation by evaluating all relevant factors.
C)  determine the efficacy of each solution used.
D)  try out different approaches until one fixes the problem.

Question 8

Elderspeak example- choice While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital,a nurse's aide finds them holding hands and kissing.The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geriaphobia
B)  Oldism
C)  Elderspeak
D)  Dialectism

Question 9

Previous experience and problem-solving As shown in research on decision-making,one advantage that older problem-solvers seems to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:

Accepted Answer

A)  timed performance.
B)  finding alternative solutions.
C)  advice from other people.
D)  information from prior experience.

Question 10

Mechanics of intelligence In the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm,working memory would be considered to represent the __________ of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanics
B)  contextualization
C)  pragmatics
D)  relativism

Question 11

Personality and intelligence The SLS showed that people least likely to retain their intellectual abilities in later adulthood were low on the personality factor of:

Accepted Answer

A)  reserve capacity
B)  life complexity.
C)  dialectical thinking.
D)  formal operations.

Question 12

Elderspeak example- stem Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery.Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mr.Nino
B)  Honey
C)  Al
D)  Dear

Question 13

Executive functioning and driving Which executive functioning do you rely most heavily upon while driving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Listening to warnings.
B)  Observing road signs.
C)  Turning the wheel.
D)  Planning your route.

Question 14

Paralinguistic elements and compensation By interpreting the paralinguistic elements of speech,such as _________________,older adults can compensate for not hearing every word spoken to them in a conversation.

Accepted Answer

A)  gestures
B)  grammar
C)  semantics
D)  punctuation

Question 15

Male vs.female on multiple intelligences When rating their own and the other gender's intellectual abilities,men rated themselves as higher in:

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal
B)  naturalistic
C)  verbal
D)  musical.

Question 16

Language and working memory Changes in which cognitive function may affect the ability of older adults to put words together,while speaking,into a sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory
B)  visualization
C)  working memory
D)  task-switching

Question 17

Communication predicament model According to the Communication _______________ Model,older adults become less cognitively capable when they are spoken to in a condescending manner.

Accepted Answer

A)  Problem
B)  Predicament
C)  Practice
D)  Preference

Question 18

Adult learners The majority of adults ages 60 and older in the U.S.reportedly take adult education courses because they seek:

Accepted Answer

A)  career advancement.
B)  second or third degrees.
C)  personal interest.
D)  interactions with the young.

Question 19

PMAT vs.WAIS-IV Unlike the WAIS-IV,the PMAT also assesses an individual's:

Accepted Answer

A)  word fluency.
B)  processing speed.
C)  memory.
D)  personality.

Question 20

Whitehall II findings The findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:

Accepted Answer

A)  drink moderate amounts of alcohol.
B)  live very close to their children.
C)  exercise a moderate amount.
D)  consume large amounts of fruits and vegetables.

Exam 7: Language, problem-Solving, and Intelligence