In a Successional Community, Some Kinds of Organisms Like Fungi

Multiple Choice

In a successional community, some kinds of organisms like fungi or beetles are present in every stage of succession. However, the particular species of fungi or beetles that may be there at the earliest stages of succession are often not the same species present in the last successional stage. This is a result of:

A) changes in plant communities during succession that support different animal communities.
B) biogeochemical cycles that change with each stage of succession.
C) the fact that predators and herbivores are not a part of the community until the last stage of succession.
D) the fact that species in an early successional community will always be in their fundamental niche, and later stages only allow species to occupy their realized niche.