Question 1

Intermediate filaments:

Accepted Answer

A)  have a diameter that is larger than a microfilament, but smaller than a microtubule.
B)  play an important role in maintaining cell shape.
C)  play an important role in preventing skin from tearing by shear stress.
D)  undergo little change in length in comparison to microtubules and microfilaments.
E)  All of these choices are correct. E

Question 2

Dynein is a motor protein found attached to:

Accepted Answer

A)  lamin.
B)  microfilaments.
C)  microtubules.
D)  intermediate filaments. C

Question 3

The extracellular matrix can influence the shape of a cell because: (1) cell adhesion proteins on the plasma membrane attach to the extracellular matrix; (2) cell adhesion proteins attach to the cell's cytoskeleton; (3) the cytoskeleton determines cell shape.

Accepted Answer

A)  Statement (1) is correct.
B)  Statement (2) is correct.
C)  Statement (3) is correct.
D)  Statement (1) and (2) are correct.
E)  All of the statements are correct. E

Question 4

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix made by a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen
B)  cadherin
C)  cellulose
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

A pathologist is carrying out an autopsy. Upon opening the chest cavity, the pathologist sees a thick, fibrous tissue surrounding the heart. This is likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  neural tissue.
B)  epithelial tissue.
C)  muscle tissue.
D)  connective tissue.

Question 6

How does the extracellular matrix affect a cell that it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell's shape depends in part on the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix.
B)  The genes that the cell expresses depend in part on the types of proteins in the extracellular matrix.
C)  The size that the cell grows to depends in part on the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix.
D)  The extracellular matrix has no effect on the cells that it surrounds.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following cell junctions is involved in creating a barrier between cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  desmosome
B)  tight junction
C)  adherens junction

Question 8

Which one of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal element and a cell adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  adherens junction, microfilament, integrin
B)  hemidesmosome, microfilament, cadherin
C)  desmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin
D)  hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin

Question 9

Some cytoskeletal elements are more permanent than others. Which components of the cytoskeleton are dynamic structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules
B)  microfilaments
C)  intermediate filaments
D)  both microtubules and intermediate filaments
E)  both microtubules and microfilaments

Question 10

Within the plant cell wall, the primary cell wall contains _____, and the secondary cell wall is composed of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only cellulose; only lignin
B)  only lignin; only cellulose
C)  both pectin and cellulose; both lignin and cellulose
D)  both lignin and cellulose; pectin and cellulose
E)  only pectin; only lignin

Question 11

Epidermolysis bullosa is a set of rare genetic disorders that is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a keratin gene that disrupts intermediate filaments, weakening epidermal cell connections.
B)  a microfilament gene that disrupts desmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections.
C)  an intermediate filament gene that disrupts hemidesmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections.
D)  a keratin gene that disrupts microfilaments, weakening epidermal cell connections.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Dynamic instability is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  feature of microtubules.
B)  feature of microfilaments.
C)  feature of intermediate filaments.
D)  feature of microtubules and microfilaments.
E)  universal feature of the cytoskeleton.

Question 13

Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to:

Accepted Answer

A)  microfilaments.
B)  microtubules.
C)  intermediate filaments.
D)  tubulin.

Question 14

The basal lamina:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a specialized extracellular matrix found beneath epithelial tissues.
B)  is found on top of the epidermis of the skin.
C)  is a cell-rich layer.
D)  links to epithelial cells through tight junctions.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The natural loss of dead cells from the surface of your skin is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells.
B)  breakdown of desmosomes.
C)  loss of microvilli.
D)  both the loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells, and the breakdown of desmosomes.

Question 16

Gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what feature in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both allow direct transport of materials between cells.
B)  They both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane.
C)  They are both found in plant cells.
D)  They both attach to the cytoskeleton.

Question 17

How do cells connect to the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  through cadherins
B)  through integrins
C)  through gap junctions
D)  through tight junctions

Question 18

The internal cytoskeletal structure of cilia and flagella grows out from a structure called a basal body located near the cell surface. Based on this information, where would you predict the plus end of the microtubules to be located?

Accepted Answer

A)  near the basal body
B)  near the tip of the cilia or flagella
C)  at both ends of the cilia or flagella
D)  It is not possible to predict from the information provided.

Question 19

Which motor protein(s) would you find in a flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin
B)  dynein
C)  kinesin
D)  both myosin and dynein

Question 20

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cell adhesion molecules are species specific.
B)  sponge cells possess an extracellular matrix.
C)  cell adhesion molecules are nonspecific.
D)  sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules.

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix