Question 1

Gayle colors using a variety of markers with ease. In what stage of motor learning is she?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive
B)   Associative
C)   Autonomous
D)   Blocked C

Question 2

Which term refers to the awareness that the body has two sides, that the body is separate from space, and that the limbs on each side of the body can move independently of each other?

Accepted Answer

A)   Body image
B)   Reflective self-awareness
C)   Laterality
D)   Directionality C

Question 3

Which statement is not true of mental practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   It includes performing the skill in one's imagination, without any action involved.
B)   It is complicated but has been shown to work with children older than 13 years of age.
C)   It is effective in teaching motor skills and retraining the timing and coordination of muscle group activity.
D)   It may consist of role playing, watching a video, or imagining. B

Question 4

Andrew tends to sit in a posterior pelvic tilt, although this may prevent him from achieving other milestones. What is the term to describe the tendency to stay in the patterns of the status quo?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dynamic system
B)   Affordances
C)   Attractor state
D)   Degree of freedom

Question 5

What is the term for the subtle tone changes a child makes in response to shifts in center of mass, so he can remain upright?

Accepted Answer

A)   Primitive reflex
B)   Righting reaction
C)   Protective extension
D)   Equilibrium reactions

Question 6

Which statement is true concerning postural synergies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Postural synergies act to help correct for disturbances to balance or equilibrium.
B)   Postural synergies are present only in children with motor dysfunction.
C)   Postural synergies cannot be modified through practice and experience.
D)   Postural synergies are present by 2 years of age and are no longer present by 7 to 10 years of age.

Question 7

Which question is not answered by input from the vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Is the head in upright, midline alignment?
B)   How fast is the head moving and in what direction?
C)   Is the head moving?
D)   What is present in the environment (objects, people) ?

Question 8

Art is just learning to write his name, and he repeats, "start at the top, go down, start at the top, go down, then go across" as he draws the letter A In what stage of motor learning is he?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive
B)   Associative
C)   Autonomous
D)   Blocked

Question 9

The practitioner provides a toddler with a corner seat that helps provide stability, enabling the child to reach more accurately for toys. According to dynamic systems theory, what has the therapist decreased to allow more movement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Distractions
B)   Strength requirements
C)   Degrees of freedom
D)   Balance

Question 10

Russell is shorter than all the other children in his class, and he frequently becomes frustrated that his motor skills are not as good as those of his peers. He hates gym class. What term is used to describe his perception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Depth perception
B)   Self-esteem
C)   Body awareness
D)   Body image

Question 11

Which type of practice is best for transfer of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blocked
B)   Distributed
C)   Massed
D)   Random

Question 12

Molly moves from sit to stand and raises her arms over her head to reach for a toy on the top shelf. Which statement describes how she has changed her center of mass and balance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Raised her center of mass, resulting in less stable balance
B)   Raised her center of mass, resulting in more stable balance
C)   Decreased her center of mass, resulting in less stable balance
D)   Decreased her center of mass, resulting in more stable balance

Question 13

How would the practitioner best work to improve self-feeding skills with 4-year-old Charlene to ensure transfer of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Charlene practices scooping food in clinic.
B)   Charlene picks up spoon and brings it to her mouth repeatedly throughout the day.
C)   Charlene eats a snack during snack time in the classroom.
D)   Charlene plays food games with toys in the classroom.

Question 14

According to motor control concepts, what do practitioners working with children diagnosed with cerebral palsy focus on during intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)   Normalizing muscle tone for activity
B)   Engaging in repetitive movements
C)   Passively ranging extremities
D)   Participation in activity

Question 15

The occupational therapist works to improve 2-year-old Kyle's hand strength in hopes that this will allow him to manipulate objects better in play. What type of approach is the therapist using?

Accepted Answer

A)   Top-down
B)   Bottom-up
C)   Sideways
D)   Occupation-based

Exam 9: Application of Motor Controlmotor Learning to Practice