Question 1

Burnstein,Crandall,and Kitayama found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) women recall more family members than men 
B) helping is greater as a function of increased genetic relatedness and decreases in the reproductive value of the relative 
C) helping is greater as a function of increased genetic relatedness and increases in the reproductive value of the relative 
D) women are more helpful than men

Question 2

Which grandparent's survival best predicted the survival of the grandchild,according to a study covering the years 1770-1861 in England?

Accepted Answer

A) paternal grandmothers 
B) maternal grandfathers 
C) paternal grandfathers 
D) maternal grandmothers

Question 3

Which of the following is not a primitive of Doug Jones's proposed universal grammar which governs all kin classification systems?

Accepted Answer

A) genealogical distance 
B) group membership 
C) social rank 
D) geographical distance

Question 4

Burnstein and colleagues reason that helping should decrease as the genetic relatedness between helped and recipient decreases and argue that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) helping that is relatively trivial is a better test of the inclusive fitness hypothesis 
B) inclusive fitness theory is the best of competing hypotheses for differences in helping behavior as a function of genetic relatedness 
C) no other theory besides inclusive fitness hypothesis predicts a helping gradient that follows from the amount of genetic overlap 
D) many theories in psychology predict a helping gradient that follows from the amount of genetic overlap

Question 5

Discriminative grandparental investment __________.

Accepted Answer

A) should follow the degree of relational certainty inherent in the different types of grandparental relationships 
B) means that grandparents should invest more when they are consciously certain of their genetic relatedness to grandchildren 
C) does not follow patterns predicted by an evolutionary perspective and thus requires future work to further refine evolutionary hypotheses 
D) has changed dramatically as a result of the modern circumstance of living distally from grandparents

Question 6

The fact that only genes that code for traits that fulfill Hamilton's rule can spread throughout the population is also known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) evolvability stipulation 
B) evolvability condition 
C) evolvability restraint 
D) evolvability constraint

Question 7

The death of a _________ child causes more grief than the death of a ___________ child.

Accepted Answer

A) younger;elder 
B) female;male 
C) healthy;sickly 
D) sickly;healthy

Question 8

Using Hamilton's rule,__________.

Accepted Answer

A) a benefit given to a full sibling must be twice the costs to the actor for altruistic decision rules to evolve 
B) a benefit given to a half sibling must be twice the costs to the actor for altruistic decision rules to evolve 
C) a benefit given to a first cousin must be half the costs to the actor for altruistic decision rules to evolve 
D) a benefit given to a first cousin must be four times the costs to the actor for altruistic decision rules to evolve

Question 9

___________ score lower on measures of family solidarity and identity than ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) Firstborns;middleborns and lastborns 
B) Lastborns;firstborns 
C) Firstborns;middleborns 
D) Middleborns;firstborns and lastborns

Question 10

Newborns who are breastfed __________.

Accepted Answer

A) prefer the scent of their father to that of their mother 
B) prefer the scent of their father to other men 
C) prefer the scent of their mother to other women 
D) prefer the scent of non-related women to that of their father

Question 11

Studies that use masking methods on photographs have determined that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) people use facial averageness to make kinship determinations 
B) people use facial symmetry to make kinship determinations 
C) the top half of the face is particularly important for kinship detection 
D) the bottom half of the face is particularly important for kinship detection

Question 12

Sulloway's theory predicts that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) firstborns will be more rebellious than laterborns 
B) laterborns will be more conservative than firstborns 
C) children will inhabit different niches depending on their birth order 
D) children will compete for the same niches to signal their competitive abilities relative to their siblings

Question 13

Among ground squirrels,__________ were more likely than ___________ to cooperate in mutual defense of their offspring.

Accepted Answer

A) half brothers;full brothers 
B) full brothers;half brothers 
C) half sisters;full sisters 
D) full sisters;half sisters

Question 14

Which of the following models has been proposed to explain the evolution of families?

Accepted Answer

A) familial remuneration model 
B) familial benefits model 
C) ecological benefits model 
D) ecological timing model

Question 15

Flinn's study of children's cortisol levels based on household composition revealed that children living with which of the following family units possessed the highest cortisol levels?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear family with father absent over half the time 
B) stepfather and half-siblings present 
C) stepfather 
D) single mother with other kin present

Question 16

Parental conflict centers on __________.

Accepted Answer

A) how much parental investment each parent will give to the offspring within the family 
B) how many children would be ideal for the pair 
C) how much investment grandparents make in their offspring 
D) why children do not resemble the father or his kin

Question 17

Which of the following statements about birth order is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Firstborns always receive the most parental investment in families with three or more children. 
B) Middleborns end up receiving less total parental investment even if the parents divide their investment equally among all the children present in the household at a given time. 
C) Lastborns always receive the least parental investment if the parents divide their investment equally among all the children present in the household at a given time. 
D) Middleborns end up receiving more total parental investment,particularly if the parents divide their investment equally among all the children present in the household at a given time.

Question 18

Reasonable interpretations of findings from wills include all of the following except __________.

Accepted Answer

A) decision rules exist which are byproducts of parental mechanisms designed to operate earlier in the life of the parent 
B) humans have evolved psychological mechanisms of resource allocation 
C) evolved psychological mechanisms are sensitive to genetic relatedness 
D) evolved psychological mechanisms operate on relatively recent types of resources: those accumulated over one's lifetime

Question 19

What is the adaptive value of distinguishing between different kin members in terms of their social rank?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides a means for identifying individuals from whom we are likely to receive altruism and those to whom we might channel our altruistic acts. 
B) It allows us to identify those who are more capable of giving altruism and those who are more likely in need of altruism. 
C) both (a)and (b) 
D) neither (a)nor (b)

Question 20

Smith,Kish and Crawford found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) People leave more of their estate to non-kin than to kin 
B) People leave more of their estate to offspring than to siblings 
C) People leave more of their estate to siblings than to offspring 
D) People leave more of their estate to brothers than to sisters

Exam 8: Problems of Kinship