Exam 2: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals

The mineral ___ is strongly magnetic.

A pulverized mineral (usually on a piece of white unglazed porcelain) gives a color called its ____, that is usually more reliable than the color of the specimen itself.

Carbon-14 has eight __.

The softest mineral on Mohs' hardness scale is ____.

Both graphite and diamond are made of carbon.

Silica is a term for oxygen combined with silicon.

A mineral specimen with a Mohs hardness of 5 can scratch a mineral specimen with a hardness of 3.

The mineral ___ reacts with weak hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, i.e., it effervesces (fizzes) in dilute acid.

Plagioclase feldspar commonly exhibits __, straight, parallel lines on the flat surfaces of one of the two cleavage directions.

The isotope composition of _____ in foraminifera shells from sediment cores are used to determine climate change in Earth history.

The hardest mineral has a hardness of ___ on Mohs' relative hardness scale.

Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a mineral to the mass of an equal volume of __.

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are __.

____ is the most common element in the Earth's crust.

______ is an expansive (swells when wet) clay mineral.

____ has the property of generating electricity when squeezed in a certain crystallographic direction.

The atomic mass number of common oxygen is 16 because it has ___ protons and ___ neutrons.

Non-silicate minerals include the halides like _____.

Non-silicate minerals are more abundant in the deeper parts of Earth's crust than in the crust as a whole.

Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a phenomenon termed _______.