Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates how problems with encoding can contribute to forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A) You forget the name of a person because you had a particularly negative and embarrassing interaction with her the last time you saw her. 
B) You forget the name of a person because you failed to transfer this information into your long-term memory in the first place. 
C) You forget the name of a person because you haven't seen them in many years and time and lack of use has eroded your memory of her. 
D) You forget the name of a person because she looks very similar to someone else that you just met. 
A) You forget the name of a person because you had a particularly negative and embarrassing interaction with her the last time you saw her. 
B) You forget the name of a person because you failed to transfer this information into your long-term memory in the first place. 
C) You forget the name of a person because you haven't seen them in many years and time and lack of use has eroded your memory of her. 
D) You forget the name of a person because she looks very similar to someone else that you just met.

Question 2

Auditory memory,visual-spatial memory,and a control process called the central executive are all components of:

Accepted Answer

A) sensory memory. 
B) working memory. 
C) semantic memory. 
D) long-term memory. 
A) sensory memory. 
B) working memory. 
C) semantic memory. 
D) long-term memory.

Question 3

Your memory for what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disneyland would best be considered an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory. 
B) implicit memory. 
C) semantic memory. 
D) episodic memory. 
A) procedural memory. 
B) implicit memory. 
C) semantic memory. 
D) episodic memory.

Question 4

Expert chess players possess schemas that allow them to recall more randomly placed chess pieces than novices do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Semantic memory and episodic memory are two subcategories of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Semantic memory and episodic memory are two...

Question 6

Describe the basic memory principles that are argued to underlie exceptional memory.What does this information tell us about the reality of exceptional memory?

Accepted Answer

Key findings by Erricson,Chase & Faloon

Question 7

When you mentally repeat the number of the house you are looking as you drive around a neighbourhood,you are using the __________ component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological loop 
B) central executive control 
C) visual-spatial working memory 
D) auditory working memory 
A) phonological loop 
B) central executive control 
C) visual-spatial working memory 
D) auditory working memory

Question 8

Imagine that you have studied for an exam in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal has been low while you were studying.If on the day of the exam you were given the test in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal remained low,the concept of state-dependent memory would predict that your recall would be good and the concept of context-dependent memory would predict that your recall would ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) seriously compromised 
B) be poor 
C) not be affected 
D) also be good 
A) seriously compromised 
B) be poor 
C) not be affected 
D) also be good

Question 9

Research has found that the primacy effect disappears if:

Accepted Answer

A) recall is delayed for 5 to 10 seconds. 
B) recall is delayed for 15 to 30 seconds and participants are given a more demanding task. 
C) the words are presented more quickly,thus preventing participants from rehearsing the early words. 
D) the participants are specifically told to use maintenance rehearsal while the list is being read. 
A) recall is delayed for 5 to 10 seconds. 
B) recall is delayed for 15 to 30 seconds and participants are given a more demanding task. 
C) the words are presented more quickly,thus preventing participants from rehearsing the early words. 
D) the participants are specifically told to use maintenance rehearsal while the list is being read.

Question 10

The original three-stage model of memory assumed that short-term memory was similar to a loading platform,but modern theorists have argued that the human memory system is analogous to a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) holding station 
B) busy library office 
C) computer keyboard 
D) computer hard drive 
A) holding station 
B) busy library office 
C) computer keyboard 
D) computer hard drive

Question 11

Forgetting occurs because presumed memory traces are thought to fade away with time and disuse.This is referred to as _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) decay theory 
B) dual coding theory 
C) the encoding specificity principle 
D) interference theory 
A) decay theory 
B) dual coding theory 
C) the encoding specificity principle 
D) interference theory

Question 12

The _____________ component of working memory allows us to temporarily store and manipulate mental images.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ component of working memory allows...

Question 13

In order to investigate the brain systems involved in episodic memory,Dr.Jones gathers MRI readings from participants as they recall events from the previous day.Dr.Jones's research is best categorized as an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A) human lesion study. 
B) brain imaging study. 
C) state-dependent memory task. 
D) nonhuman animal lesion experiment. 
A) human lesion study. 
B) brain imaging study. 
C) state-dependent memory task. 
D) nonhuman animal lesion experiment.

Question 14

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately between _____ and ____ meaningful items.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capacity of short-term memory is approximately...

Question 15

With regard to human memory,the assumed process whereby incoming information is translated into a neural code that your brain can understand is called:

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval. 
B) encoding. 
C) storage. 
D) priming. 
A) retrieval. 
B) encoding. 
C) storage. 
D) priming.

Question 16

Based on case studies and clinical experience,most therapists believe that repression is a valid concept,while many researchers in academic environments argue that the forgetting of traumatic events may be due to _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) misinformation effects 
B) cue-dependent forgetting 
C) non-motivated forgetting 
D) repression 
A) misinformation effects 
B) cue-dependent forgetting 
C) non-motivated forgetting 
D) repression

Question 17

Kandel's research on learning in the sea slug,aplysia,allowed him and his colleagues to study:

Accepted Answer

A) which neurons changed as a result of forgetting. 
B) how neurons changed as a result of damage. 
C) what cellular messengers triggered learning-induced changes. 
D) what cellular messengers triggered behavioural changes 
A) which neurons changed as a result of forgetting. 
B) how neurons changed as a result of damage. 
C) what cellular messengers triggered learning-induced changes. 
D) what cellular messengers triggered behavioural changes

Question 18

"Priming" refers to the activation of one concept by another and is associated with the concept of "spreading activation".

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The method of loci is a memory-enhancing technique based on imagery and it is consistent with the predictions of ___________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) dual coding 
B) levels of processing 
C) encoding specificity 
D) decay 
A) dual coding 
B) levels of processing 
C) encoding specificity 
D) decay

Question 20

According to the three-stage model of memory,we remember the words presented at the beginning of a list better because:

Accepted Answer

A) we can quickly rehearse them and transfer them to long-term memory. 
B) we use procedural memory to encode them instead of elaborative rehearsal. 
C) these words tend to be visually encoded instead of phonetically encoded. 
D) these words are not "bumped" out of short-term memory by new information. 
A) we can quickly rehearse them and transfer them to long-term memory. 
B) we use procedural memory to encode them instead of elaborative rehearsal. 
C) these words tend to be visually encoded instead of phonetically encoded. 
D) these words are not "bumped" out of short-term memory by new information.

Which of the following best illustrates how problems with encoding can contribute to forgetting?

Auditory memory,visual-spatial memory,and a control process called the central executive are all components of:

Your memory for what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disneyland would best be considered an example of:

Expert chess players possess schemas that allow them to recall more randomly placed chess pieces than novices do.

Semantic memory and episodic memory are two subcategories of __________ memory.

Describe the basic memory principles that are argued to underlie exceptional memory.What does this information tell us about the reality of exceptional memory?

When you mentally repeat the number of the house you are looking as you drive around a neighbourhood,you are using the __________ component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Research has found that the primacy effect disappears if:

The original three-stage model of memory assumed that short-term memory was similar to a loading platform,but modern theorists have argued that the human memory system is analogous to a ___________.

Forgetting occurs because presumed memory traces are thought to fade away with time and disuse.This is referred to as _______________.

The _____________ component of working memory allows us to temporarily store and manipulate mental images.

In order to investigate the brain systems involved in episodic memory,Dr.Jones gathers MRI readings from participants as they recall events from the previous day.Dr.Jones's research is best categorized as an example of a:

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately between _ and meaningful items.

With regard to human memory,the assumed process whereby incoming information is translated into a neural code that your brain can understand is called:

Based on case studies and clinical experience,most therapists believe that repression is a valid concept,while many researchers in academic environments argue that the forgetting of traumatic events may be due to _______________________.

Kandel's research on learning in the sea slug,aplysia,allowed him and his colleagues to study:

"Priming" refers to the activation of one concept by another and is associated with the concept of "spreading activation".

The method of loci is a memory-enhancing technique based on imagery and it is consistent with the predictions of ___________ theory.

According to the three-stage model of memory,we remember the words presented at the beginning of a list better because:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

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Exam 8: Memory

Which of the following best illustrates how problems with encoding can contribute to forgetting?

Auditory memory,visual-spatial memory,and a control process called the central executive are all components of:

Your memory for what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disneyland would best be considered an example of:

Expert chess players possess schemas that allow them to recall more randomly placed chess pieces than novices do.

Semantic memory and episodic memory are two subcategories of __________ memory.

Describe the basic memory principles that are argued to underlie exceptional memory.What does this information tell us about the reality of exceptional memory?

When you mentally repeat the number of the house you are looking as you drive around a neighbourhood,you are using the __________ component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Research has found that the primacy effect disappears if:

The original three-stage model of memory assumed that short-term memory was similar to a loading platform,but modern theorists have argued that the human memory system is analogous to a ___________.

Forgetting occurs because presumed memory traces are thought to fade away with time and disuse.This is referred to as _______________.

The _____________ component of working memory allows us to temporarily store and manipulate mental images.

In order to investigate the brain systems involved in episodic memory,Dr.Jones gathers MRI readings from participants as they recall events from the previous day.Dr.Jones's research is best categorized as an example of a:

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately between _____ and ____ meaningful items.

With regard to human memory,the assumed process whereby incoming information is translated into a neural code that your brain can understand is called:

Based on case studies and clinical experience,most therapists believe that repression is a valid concept,while many researchers in academic environments argue that the forgetting of traumatic events may be due to _______________________.

Kandel's research on learning in the sea slug,aplysia,allowed him and his colleagues to study:

"Priming" refers to the activation of one concept by another and is associated with the concept of "spreading activation".

The method of loci is a memory-enhancing technique based on imagery and it is consistent with the predictions of ___________ theory.

According to the three-stage model of memory,we remember the words presented at the beginning of a list better because:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Filters

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately between _ and meaningful items.