Exam 8: Memory

If you go to a movie,you know that the movie isn't going to start as long as the lights are on.Once the movie starts,you also know that it is considered impolite to talk during the movie and that if you need to leave,it is best to try not to disturb others.This collection of thoughts is best considered to be an example of:

Individual items to be recalled are grouped into larger units of meaning in a memory process called:

___________ memories are vivid memories of distinctive,emotionally charged events.Research has shown that they are not as accurate as people typically think they are.

A recall test is generally considered to be easier than a recognition test.

Peter is studying for an exam and wants to maximize his learning.He knows that the best way to retrieve information is to encode it with multiple cues for retrieval.Therefore Peter finds out the room the exam will be given in and he goes to that room each night to study for the exam.Peter is relying on maximizing the advantage that he might receive from:

A new restaurant was opening and Alice and Anne were hired to proofread the menu before it went to press.Alice reviewed each page,looking for mistakes in capitalization while Anne read the menu for comprehension.Both spent exactly one hour on the process before declaring the menu ready for print.Later that evening,their mother asked them what kinds of items were on the menu and Anne was able to remember more than her sister because she engaged in ________ processing.

With respect to memory recall,the recency effect occurs because the words at the end of the list:

According to the depth of processing view,_____________ encoding emphasizes the sound of a word.

The recency effect appears to be due to the early transfer of information into long-term memory.

An eyewitness from a crime is asked to look through some mug shots to see if he can identify the person who committed the crime.After doing this,he sees a police lineup of suspects and identifies one of the men as the person who committed the crime because he looks very familiar.Unfortunately,the man in the lineup looks familiar not because the eyewitness saw him commit the crime but because he saw his face in the mug shot books a few hours ago and the eyewitness has forgotten this.This example best demonstrates the phenomenon of:

Though both are effective for keeping information active in short-term memory,elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal for facilitating the transfer of information into ___________ memory.

Assume you have been asked to imagine a skier skiing quickly down a mountain.Your visual-spatial working memory would be responsible for storing and temporarily manipulating this image,while allocating the proper amount of attention to this task and allowing you to retrieve an image of a skier from your long-term memory and incorporate it into your current visualization would be a (n)_________________ process.

It is usually thought that schemas influence the encoding process by:

When learning her spelling words for the vocabulary test,Yvonne forms a visual image of each word as she reads it out loud.According to a certain theory,using this method her memory for the words will be greater than if she had simply read them out loud.This is referred to as the __________________ theory.

Though researchers have found it difficult to test scientifically,a large number of therapists and counsellors assume that _________ is a valid concept that adequate explains why traumatic events are sometimes forgotten.

Hermann Ebbinghaus pioneered the study of forgetting by using ______________.

When memory loss occurs for events that happened prior to the onset of the amnesia,this is called ___________ amnesia.

The amygdala plays a critical role in the encoding of long-term declarative memories.

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the factors that could possibly account for the substantial and rapid forgetting that occurred to Hermann Ebbinghaus?

Patients with retrograde amnesia have problems with retrieval of information while patients with anterograde amnesia suffer from problems with __________.