Question 1

Which statement about the human microbiome is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The composition of the microbiome is consistent between various body regions in the same person. 
B)  The composition of the microbiome is consistent between healthy adults. 
C)  The composition of the microbiome varies between body regions, but each region should be similar between individuals. 
D)  The composition of the microbiome varies greatly both between body regions and from one individual to the next. 
A)  The composition of the microbiome is consistent between various body regions in the same person. 
B)  The composition of the microbiome is consistent between healthy adults. 
C)  The composition of the microbiome varies between body regions, but each region should be similar between individuals. 
D)  The composition of the microbiome varies greatly both between body regions and from one individual to the next. D

Question 2

Based on what you know about the microbiome, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once established, a person's microbiome is stable throughout life. 
B)  Certain familial diseases that appear to be genetic may actually result from bacterial genes as opposed to human genes. 
C)  Periodically taking antibiotics may help the microbiome grow stronger by killing off harmful bacteria and allowing beneficial bacteria to proliferate. 
D)  Frequent use of antibacterial cleansers should become a priority so as to minimize exposure to harmful bacteria. 
A)  Once established, a person's microbiome is stable throughout life. 
B)  Certain familial diseases that appear to be genetic may actually result from bacterial genes as opposed to human genes. 
C)  Periodically taking antibiotics may help the microbiome grow stronger by killing off harmful bacteria and allowing beneficial bacteria to proliferate. 
D)  Frequent use of antibacterial cleansers should become a priority so as to minimize exposure to harmful bacteria. B

Question 3

The chief inhabitant of the human microbiome are ____________________.

Accepted Answer

bacteria

Question 4

What is the shape and configuration of staphylococci bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Round bacteria that exist in chain form. 
B)  Rod-shaped bacteria that occur in clusters. 
C)  Spiral-shaped bacteria that occur singly. 
D)  Round bacteria that occur in clusters. 
A)  Round bacteria that exist in chain form. 
B)  Rod-shaped bacteria that occur in clusters. 
C)  Spiral-shaped bacteria that occur singly. 
D)  Round bacteria that occur in clusters.

Question 5

When do children begin to build their microbiomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  At conception 
B)  During development within the womb 
C)  During the birth process 
D)  After birth when they are exposed to the environment 
A)  At conception 
B)  During development within the womb 
C)  During the birth process 
D)  After birth when they are exposed to the environment

Question 6

Spiral-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spiral-shaped bacteria are called ____________________....

Question 7

What is the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the organ systems of the body 
B)  The community of microbes living within healthy people 
C)  The community of microbes known to cause disease 
D)  The environment in which we live 
A)  All of the organ systems of the body 
B)  The community of microbes living within healthy people 
C)  The community of microbes known to cause disease 
D)  The environment in which we live

Question 8

Knowing how children form the foundation of their microbiomes, what can you conclude about children born by Caesarean section?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would have a more robust microbiome because they did not have to endure the stress of a vaginal delivery. 
B)  They would have a more robust microbiome because their birth took place in an operating room under sanitary conditions. 
C)  They would have a weaker microbiome because they were not exposed to bacteria in the mother's vagina. 
D)  They would have a weaker microbiome because the mother would have received anesthesia. 
A)  They would have a more robust microbiome because they did not have to endure the stress of a vaginal delivery. 
B)  They would have a more robust microbiome because their birth took place in an operating room under sanitary conditions. 
C)  They would have a weaker microbiome because they were not exposed to bacteria in the mother's vagina. 
D)  They would have a weaker microbiome because the mother would have received anesthesia.

Question 9

Why do fungal infections often begin on the skin or in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because some fungi reproduce through tiny spores in the air 
B)  Because these areas are relatively free of beneficial bacteria to combat infection. 
C)  Because antibiotic use disrupts the microbiomes in these areas first 
D)  Because many varieties of fungi exist in water 
A)  Because some fungi reproduce through tiny spores in the air 
B)  Because these areas are relatively free of beneficial bacteria to combat infection. 
C)  Because antibiotic use disrupts the microbiomes in these areas first 
D)  Because many varieties of fungi exist in water

Question 10

Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________....

Question 11

Which of the following statements about viruses is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses can reproduce rapidly on surfaces outside the body. 
B)  Viruses contain no DNA or RNA of their own; therefore, they must enter a host cell to obtain a nucleic acid. 
C)  Viruses are simply a bundle of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell. 
D)  Viruses are complex structures having sophisticated metabolic processes, which is why viral infections can be difficult to treat. 
A)  Viruses can reproduce rapidly on surfaces outside the body. 
B)  Viruses contain no DNA or RNA of their own; therefore, they must enter a host cell to obtain a nucleic acid. 
C)  Viruses are simply a bundle of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell. 
D)  Viruses are complex structures having sophisticated metabolic processes, which is why viral infections can be difficult to treat.

Question 12

Which characteristic of bacteria permits them to develop antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a cell wall composed of a polysaccharide molecule called peptidoglycan. 
B)  Some species of bacteria are surrounded by a gelatinous covering called a capsule. 
C)  Bacteria lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. 
D)  Bacteria contain small loops of DNA called plasmids which can transfer from one cell to another. 
A)  They have a cell wall composed of a polysaccharide molecule called peptidoglycan. 
B)  Some species of bacteria are surrounded by a gelatinous covering called a capsule. 
C)  Bacteria lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. 
D)  Bacteria contain small loops of DNA called plasmids which can transfer from one cell to another.

Question 13

What is the purpose of the capsule in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gives the cell its shape. 
B)  It regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell. 
C)  It keeps the bacteria from drying out. 
D)  It synthesizes proteins. 
A)  It gives the cell its shape. 
B)  It regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell. 
C)  It keeps the bacteria from drying out. 
D)  It synthesizes proteins.

Question 14

Microorganisms known to cause disease are called

Accepted Answer

A)  invaders. 
B)  pathogens. 
C)  bacteriophages. 
D)  capsids. 
A)  invaders. 
B)  pathogens. 
C)  bacteriophages. 
D)  capsids.

Question 15

Applying what you know about bacterial structures, what can you conclude about bacteria that have a capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  They stick to surfaces more readily. 
B)  They are more likely to cause disease. 
C)  They can move rapidly throughout the body. 
D)  They are more likely to be beneficial to the microbiome. 
A)  They stick to surfaces more readily. 
B)  They are more likely to cause disease. 
C)  They can move rapidly throughout the body. 
D)  They are more likely to be beneficial to the microbiome.

Question 16

Small, hairlike projections on bacteria that allow them to attach to other cells and surfaces are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small, hairlike projections on bacteria that allow...

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common way that a person's microbiome becomes disrupted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral illness 
B)  Bacterial illness 
C)  Antibiotic use 
D)  Food allergies 
A)  Viral illness 
B)  Bacterial illness 
C)  Antibiotic use 
D)  Food allergies

Question 18

Some viruses have a spikey lipid outer membrane called a(an) ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some viruses have a spikey lipid outer...

Question 19

The protein shell surrounding the viral genetic material is called the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The protein shell surrounding the viral genetic...

Question 20

The main finding of the Human Microbiome Project was that

Accepted Answer

A)  everyone has essentially the same types of microorganisms residing in their bodies. 
B)  healthy adults should be free from viruses and bacteria. 
C)  bacterial cells far outnumber human cells in healthy adults. 
D)  bacteria cannot reproduce unless inside a host cell. 
A)  everyone has essentially the same types of microorganisms residing in their bodies. 
B)  healthy adults should be free from viruses and bacteria. 
C)  bacterial cells far outnumber human cells in healthy adults. 
D)  bacteria cannot reproduce unless inside a host cell.

Exam 22: Human Microbiome

Which statement about the human microbiome is most accurate?

Based on what you know about the microbiome, which of the following statements is most accurate?

The chief inhabitant of the human microbiome are ____________________.

What is the shape and configuration of staphylococci bacteria?

When do children begin to build their microbiomes?

Spiral-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.

What is the human microbiome?

Knowing how children form the foundation of their microbiomes, what can you conclude about children born by Caesarean section?

Why do fungal infections often begin on the skin or in the lungs?

Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.

Which of the following statements about viruses is most accurate?

Which characteristic of bacteria permits them to develop antibiotic resistance?

What is the purpose of the capsule in bacteria?

Microorganisms known to cause disease are called

Applying what you know about bacterial structures, what can you conclude about bacteria that have a capsule?

Small, hairlike projections on bacteria that allow them to attach to other cells and surfaces are called ____________________.

Which of the following is the most common way that a person's microbiome becomes disrupted?

Some viruses have a spikey lipid outer membrane called a(an) ____________________.

The protein shell surrounding the viral genetic material is called the ____________________.

The main finding of the Human Microbiome Project was that

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