Question 1

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine A

Question 2

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues B

Question 3

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  long-term hormone secretion 
D)  chronic hormone secretion 
A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  long-term hormone secretion 
D)  chronic hormone secretion B

Question 4

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine

Question 5

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral 
A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral

Question 6

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 7

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A)  as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B)  to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C)  to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D)  to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E)  activates cGMP. 
A)  as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B)  to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C)  to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D)  to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E)  activates cGMP.

Question 8

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B)  affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C)  help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. 
D)  operate primarily by positive feedback. 
A)  are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B)  affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C)  help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. 
D)  operate primarily by positive feedback.

Question 9

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The length of time needed to eliminate...

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin. 
A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.

Question 11

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  episodic hormone secretion 
E)  chronic and episodic hormone secretion 
A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  episodic hormone secretion 
E)  chronic and episodic hormone secretion

Question 12

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine

Question 13

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.

Question 14

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  up-regulation. 
B)  over-regulation. 
C)  down-regulation. 
D)  a lack of regulation. 
E)  modulation. 
A)  up-regulation. 
B)  over-regulation. 
C)  down-regulation. 
D)  a lack of regulation. 
E)  modulation.

Question 15

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-intracellular mediator

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 16

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine

Question 17

The endocrine system

Accepted Answer

A)  releases neurotransmitters into ducts. 
B)  secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. 
C)  communicates via frequency-modulated signals. 
D)  contains organs called exocrine glands. 
E)  is isolated from the nervous system. 
A)  releases neurotransmitters into ducts. 
B)  secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. 
C)  communicates via frequency-modulated signals. 
D)  contains organs called exocrine glands. 
E)  is isolated from the nervous system.

Question 18

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency-modulated 
B)  amplitude-modulated 
C)  pitch-modulated 
D)  resonance-modulated 
A)  frequency-modulated 
B)  amplitude-modulated 
C)  pitch-modulated 
D)  resonance-modulated

Question 19

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased in number 
B)  decreased in number 
C)  chemically altered 
D)  moved 
E)  increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered 
A)  increased in number 
B)  decreased in number 
C)  chemically altered 
D)  moved 
E)  increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered

Question 20

What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone 
B)  its location near the gland that secretes that hormone 
C)  the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function 
D)  its ability to inactivate the hormone 
E)  the size of the target cell 
A)  the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone 
B)  its location near the gland that secretes that hormone 
C)  the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function 
D)  its ability to inactivate the hormone 
E)  the size of the target cell

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "E" represent?

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Phosphodiesterase functions

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Which of the following events occurs last?

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "B" represent?

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -intracellular mediator

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "A" represent?

The endocrine system

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _ __.