Question 1

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential 
A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential D

Question 2

What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  calcium 
A)  chloride 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  calcium D

Question 3

The speed of an action potential depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)  whether an axon is myelinated or not myelinated. 
B)  thickness of the myelin sheath. 
C)  the diameter of the axon. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  whether an axon is myelinated or not myelinated. 
B)  thickness of the myelin sheath. 
C)  the diameter of the axon. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. D

Question 4

Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromotor junctions. 
B)  temporal circuits. 
C)  reverberating circuits. 
D)  spatial pathways. 
A)  neuromotor junctions. 
B)  temporal circuits. 
C)  reverberating circuits. 
D)  spatial pathways.

Question 5

A local potential

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential. 
A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential.

Question 6

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell. 
A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.

Question 7

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-postassium ions

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels 
A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 8

The strength of a stimulus is communicated through

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the magnitude of the action potential. 
B)  the frequency of the action potentials. 
C)  the length of time action potentials are produced. 
D)  both the frequency and the length of time action potentials are produced. 
A)  changes in the magnitude of the action potential. 
B)  the frequency of the action potentials. 
C)  the length of time action potentials are produced. 
D)  both the frequency and the length of time action potentials are produced.

Question 9

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential 
A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential

Question 10

Which of the following situations will lead to hyperpolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+ ions 
B)  decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ ions 
C)  decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to chloride ions 
D)  any positive ion entering the cell 
E)  None of these situations will lead to hyperpolarization. 
A)  increase the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+ ions 
B)  decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ ions 
C)  decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to chloride ions 
D)  any positive ion entering the cell 
E)  None of these situations will lead to hyperpolarization.

Question 11

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors)

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent synaptic transmission. 
B)  enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine. 
C)  enhance the binding of norepinephrine to its receptors. 
D)  prevent the release of norepinephrine by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  have no effect on the action of norepinephrine. 
A)  prevent synaptic transmission. 
B)  enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine. 
C)  enhance the binding of norepinephrine to its receptors. 
D)  prevent the release of norepinephrine by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  have no effect on the action of norepinephrine.

Question 12

-Identify structure "A" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon

Question 13

Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence. (1) sodium ions diffuse into the cell and cause a local potential
(2) neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell
(3) neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
(4) membrane permeability to sodium ions on postsynaptic cell increases
(5) action potential causes release of neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1 
A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 14

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-higher outside cell

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels 
A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 15

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

Accepted Answer

A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are regenerated on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are regenerated on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 16

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B)  Temporal summation occurs. 
C)  Spatial summation occurs. 
D)  Hyperpolarization occurs. 
E)  Depolarization always occurs. 
A)  The direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B)  Temporal summation occurs. 
C)  Spatial summation occurs. 
D)  Hyperpolarization occurs. 
E)  Depolarization always occurs.

Question 17

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential 
A)  repolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  local potential 
D)  threshold 
E)  afterpotential

Question 18

-Identify structure "E" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon

Question 19

A change in the resting membrane potential has the following characteristics (non-propagated, graded, can summate). This type of change can

Accepted Answer

A)  be a local potential. 
B)  be an action potential. 
C)  be a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+. 
D)  result in repolarization. 
E)  be a local potential and a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+. 
A)  be a local potential. 
B)  be an action potential. 
C)  be a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+. 
D)  result in repolarization. 
E)  be a local potential and a consequence of an increase in the permeability to Na+.

Question 20

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a

Accepted Answer

A)  net movement of sodium ions out of the cells. 
B)  net movement of chloride ions into the cells. 
C)  decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D)  local hyperpolarization. 
E)  local depolarization. 
A)  net movement of sodium ions out of the cells. 
B)  net movement of chloride ions into the cells. 
C)  decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D)  local hyperpolarization. 
E)  local depolarization.

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "D" represent?

What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles?

The speed of an action potential depends upon

Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form

A local potential

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -postassium ions

The strength of a stimulus is communicated through

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "C" represent?

Which of the following situations will lead to hyperpolarization?

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors)

-Identify structure "A" on the neuron.

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -higher outside cell

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential. What does "E" represent?

-Identify structure "E" on the neuron.

A change in the resting membrane potential has the following characteristics (non-propagated, graded, can summate). This type of change can

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a

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