Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true.

Question 2

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  long-term hormone secretion 
C)  episodic hormone secretion 
D)  acute hormone secretion 
A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  long-term hormone secretion 
C)  episodic hormone secretion 
D)  acute hormone secretion

Question 3

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-used by most lipid-soluble hormones

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 4

-What is "D" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus 
A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus

Question 5

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  attached to proteins 
B)  attached to carbohydrates 
C)  attached to amino acids 
D)  as free hormones 
A)  attached to proteins 
B)  attached to carbohydrates 
C)  attached to amino acids 
D)  as free hormones

Question 6

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A)  ion channels could be opened. 
B)  IP3 may be activated. 
C)  cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D)  DAG may be activated. 
E)  All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins. 
A)  ion channels could be opened. 
B)  IP3 may be activated. 
C)  cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D)  DAG may be activated. 
E)  All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.

Question 7

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-endocrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 8

Arrange the following events in proper sequence: (1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  1, 3, 2, 4 
E)  1, 3, 4, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  1, 3, 2, 4 
E)  1, 3, 4, 2

Question 9

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to membrane receptors. 
B)  diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C)  act by activating cAMP. 
D)  are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E)  are water soluble. 
A)  bind to membrane receptors. 
B)  diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C)  act by activating cAMP. 
D)  are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E)  are water soluble.

Question 10

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence. (1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
C)  5, 2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
C)  5, 2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5

Question 11

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 12

Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus. 
A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus.

Question 13

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B)  the nervous system. 
C)  other hormones. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B)  the nervous system. 
C)  other hormones. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 14

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid-soluble 
B)  protein 
C)  water-soluble 
D)  amino acid derivative 
A)  lipid-soluble 
B)  protein 
C)  water-soluble 
D)  amino acid derivative

Question 15

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine

Question 16

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neuropeptide 
D)  autocrine 
E)  endocrine

Question 17

Hormones with short half-lives

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually lipid-soluble. 
B)  are maintained at relatively constant levels. 
C)  have concentrations that increase slowly. 
D)  regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration. 
E)  regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration. 
A)  are usually lipid-soluble. 
B)  are maintained at relatively constant levels. 
C)  have concentrations that increase slowly. 
D)  regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration. 
E)  regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -used by most lipid-soluble hormones

-What is "D" on the diagram?

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -endocrine

Steroid hormones

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "C" represent?

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "D" represent?

Hormones with short half-lives

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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