Question 1

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Every confounding variable is also an extraneous variable. 
B)  Every extraneous variable is also a confounding variable. 
C)  Every variable other than the independent and dependent variable is either an extraneous variable or a confounding variable (but not both). 
D)  Good experiments eliminate all extraneous variables. 
A)  Every confounding variable is also an extraneous variable. 
B)  Every extraneous variable is also a confounding variable. 
C)  Every variable other than the independent and dependent variable is either an extraneous variable or a confounding variable (but not both). 
D)  Good experiments eliminate all extraneous variables. A

Question 2

Guillermo conducts an experiment with two conditions using a within-subjects design. If he is counterbalancing, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some participants are presented with multiple stimuli under Condition A; others are presented with multiple stimuli under Condition B. 
B)  Participants in one condition receive the treatment; participants in the other condition receive a placebo. 
C)  Half the participants are in Condition A followed by Condition B; the rest are in Condition B followed by Condition A. 
D)  There is an equal number of men and women in Condition A and Condition B. 
A)  Some participants are presented with multiple stimuli under Condition A; others are presented with multiple stimuli under Condition B. 
B)  Participants in one condition receive the treatment; participants in the other condition receive a placebo. 
C)  Half the participants are in Condition A followed by Condition B; the rest are in Condition B followed by Condition A. 
D)  There is an equal number of men and women in Condition A and Condition B. C

Question 3

Compared to people who do not volunteer to participate in psychology research, people who volunteer have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less intelligent. 
B)  They are less educated. 
C)  They are more sociable. 
D)  They are more depressed. 
A)  They are less intelligent. 
B)  They are less educated. 
C)  They are more sociable. 
D)  They are more depressed. C

Question 4

Imagine an experiment with one independent variable: noise level (quiet vs. noisy). If the researcher is using a between-subjects design and wants to have 20 participants per condition, how many participants will he need all together?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  40 
D)  400 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  40 
D)  400

Question 5

A researcher is interested in the effects of drinking different amounts of alcohol on a person's ability to perform a mental arithmetic task. Which of the following would be a problem for this researcher if she wanted to use a within-subjects design with counterbalancing?

Accepted Answer

A)  She would be unable to control participants' levels of intelligence. 
B)  There would be a severe fatigue effect. 
C)  There would probably be placebo effects. 
D)  She would probably have to test each participant on two different days. 
A)  She would be unable to control participants' levels of intelligence. 
B)  There would be a severe fatigue effect. 
C)  There would probably be placebo effects. 
D)  She would probably have to test each participant on two different days.

Question 6

Which of the following researchers probably worries most about the external validity of her studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr. Prentice is a consumer psychologist who works for the Target Corporation. 
B)  Dr. Dumbrowski is a personality psychologist who is interested in genetic effects on personality. 
C)  Dr. Zamora is a cognitive psychologist who studies basic memory processes. 
D)  Dr. Colfax is a behavioral neuroscientist who studies the functions of the amygdale. 
A)  Dr. Prentice is a consumer psychologist who works for the Target Corporation. 
B)  Dr. Dumbrowski is a personality psychologist who is interested in genetic effects on personality. 
C)  Dr. Zamora is a cognitive psychologist who studies basic memory processes. 
D)  Dr. Colfax is a behavioral neuroscientist who studies the functions of the amygdale.

Question 7

Which of the following independent variables would most likely require a manipulation check?

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of light in the room 
B)  noise level in the room 
C)  number of items on an exam 
D)  participants' moods 
A)  amount of light in the room 
B)  noise level in the room 
C)  number of items on an exam 
D)  participants' moods

Question 8

What are three ways that people who volunteer to participate in psychology studies differ from people who do not volunteer to participate? Explain why these differences might be important.

Accepted Answer

They tend to be more interested in the t

Question 9

A pilot test is a small-scale version of a study conducted to see if the procedure works as planned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What are the two defining features of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of extraneous variables; statistical analysis of the results 
B)  statistical analysis of the results; a comparison of two groups 
C)  a comparison of two groups; manipulation of an independent variable 
D)  manipulation of an independent variable; control of extraneous variables 
A)  control of extraneous variables; statistical analysis of the results 
B)  statistical analysis of the results; a comparison of two groups 
C)  a comparison of two groups; manipulation of an independent variable 
D)  manipulation of an independent variable; control of extraneous variables

Question 11

When are manipulation checks usually done?

Accepted Answer

A)  at the beginning of the procedure 
B)  at the end of the procedure 
C)  immediately after the manipulation 
D)  continuously throughout the procedure 
A)  at the beginning of the procedure 
B)  at the end of the procedure 
C)  immediately after the manipulation 
D)  continuously throughout the procedure

Question 12

Experiments are generally _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high in internal validity 
B)  low in internal validity 
C)  invalid 
D)  none of the above 
A)  high in internal validity 
B)  low in internal validity 
C)  invalid 
D)  none of the above

Question 13

People who volunteer to participate in research studies tend to be less educated than other people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Imagine a laboratory experiment on the effect of thinking about a significant other on pain perception. What are three steps you could take to standardize the procedure?

Accepted Answer

Test in the same location, use

Question 15

Imagine that you are a participant in an experiment on the effects of morning exercise on mathematics performance. If this study uses a within-subjects design, which of the following would you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  One day you take a math test after having exercised in the morning; another day you take a math test after not having exercised in the morning. 
B)  Either you exercise in the morning and then take a math test or you do not exercise in the morning and then take a math test. 
C)  You eat a healthy breakfast consisting of milk, juice, toast, and eggs. 
D)  You take a math test and then tell the researcher whether or not you exercised that morning. 
A)  One day you take a math test after having exercised in the morning; another day you take a math test after not having exercised in the morning. 
B)  Either you exercise in the morning and then take a math test or you do not exercise in the morning and then take a math test. 
C)  You eat a healthy breakfast consisting of milk, juice, toast, and eggs. 
D)  You take a math test and then tell the researcher whether or not you exercised that morning.

Question 16

Participants in a waitlist control condition never receive the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Research on pain perception has shown which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  People report less pain when tested by male experimenters. 
B)  People report less pain when tested by female experimenters. 
C)  People report less pain when tested by experimenters of the same sex. 
D)  People report less pain when tested by an experimenter of the opposite sex. 
A)  People report less pain when tested by male experimenters. 
B)  People report less pain when tested by female experimenters. 
C)  People report less pain when tested by experimenters of the same sex. 
D)  People report less pain when tested by an experimenter of the opposite sex.

Question 18

What is random assignment and how does it differ from random selection?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is a way to

Question 19

What is the main advantage of conducting an experiment using a within-subjects design rather than a between-subjects design?

Accepted Answer

A)  A within-subjects design eliminates the need for pilot testing. 
B)  A within-subjects design controls more extraneous variables. 
C)  A within-subjects design does not require manipulation of an independent variable. 
D)  A within-subjects design prevents carryover effects. 
A)  A within-subjects design eliminates the need for pilot testing. 
B)  A within-subjects design controls more extraneous variables. 
C)  A within-subjects design does not require manipulation of an independent variable. 
D)  A within-subjects design prevents carryover effects.

Question 20

Research has shown that people in pain studies report less pain when tested by women than by men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is true?

Guillermo conducts an experiment with two conditions using a within-subjects design. If he is counterbalancing, what does this mean?

Compared to people who do not volunteer to participate in psychology research, people who volunteer have which of the following characteristics?

Imagine an experiment with one independent variable: noise level (quiet vs. noisy). If the researcher is using a between-subjects design and wants to have 20 participants per condition, how many participants will he need all together?

A researcher is interested in the effects of drinking different amounts of alcohol on a person's ability to perform a mental arithmetic task. Which of the following would be a problem for this researcher if she wanted to use a within-subjects design with counterbalancing?

Which of the following researchers probably worries most about the external validity of her studies?

Which of the following independent variables would most likely require a manipulation check?

What are three ways that people who volunteer to participate in psychology studies differ from people who do not volunteer to participate? Explain why these differences might be important.

A pilot test is a small-scale version of a study conducted to see if the procedure works as planned.

What are the two defining features of an experiment?

When are manipulation checks usually done?

Experiments are generally _____.

People who volunteer to participate in research studies tend to be less educated than other people.

Imagine a laboratory experiment on the effect of thinking about a significant other on pain perception. What are three steps you could take to standardize the procedure?

Imagine that you are a participant in an experiment on the effects of morning exercise on mathematics performance. If this study uses a within-subjects design, which of the following would you do?

Participants in a waitlist control condition never receive the treatment.

Research on pain perception has shown which of the following?

What is random assignment and how does it differ from random selection?

What is the main advantage of conducting an experiment using a within-subjects design rather than a between-subjects design?

Research has shown that people in pain studies report less pain when tested by women than by men.

The Science of Psychology

Getting Started in Research

Research Ethics

Theory in Psychology

Psychological Measurement

Nonexperimental Research

Complex Research Designs

Survey Research

Single-Subject Research

Presenting Your Research

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Filters

Exam 6: Experimental Research

Which of the following is true?

Guillermo conducts an experiment with two conditions using a within-subjects design. If he is counterbalancing, what does this mean?

Compared to people who do not volunteer to participate in psychology research, people who volunteer have which of the following characteristics?

Imagine an experiment with one independent variable: noise level (quiet vs. noisy). If the researcher is using a between-subjects design and wants to have 20 participants per condition, how many participants will he need all together?

A researcher is interested in the effects of drinking different amounts of alcohol on a person's ability to perform a mental arithmetic task. Which of the following would be a problem for this researcher if she wanted to use a within-subjects design with counterbalancing?

Which of the following researchers probably worries most about the external validity of her studies?

Which of the following independent variables would most likely require a manipulation check?

What are three ways that people who volunteer to participate in psychology studies differ from people who do not volunteer to participate? Explain why these differences might be important.

A pilot test is a small-scale version of a study conducted to see if the procedure works as planned.

What are the two defining features of an experiment?

When are manipulation checks usually done?

Experiments are generally _____.

People who volunteer to participate in research studies tend to be less educated than other people.

Imagine a laboratory experiment on the effect of thinking about a significant other on pain perception. What are three steps you could take to standardize the procedure?

Imagine that you are a participant in an experiment on the effects of morning exercise on mathematics performance. If this study uses a within-subjects design, which of the following would you do?

Participants in a waitlist control condition never receive the treatment.

Research on pain perception has shown which of the following?

What is random assignment and how does it differ from random selection?

What is the main advantage of conducting an experiment using a within-subjects design rather than a between-subjects design?

Research has shown that people in pain studies report less pain when tested by women than by men.

The Science of Psychology

Getting Started in Research

Research Ethics

Theory in Psychology

Psychological Measurement

Nonexperimental Research

Complex Research Designs

Survey Research

Single-Subject Research

Presenting Your Research

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Filters