Chat with AIExam 3: Research Ethics
Give a hypothetical example to illustrate a violation of each of the following general ethical principles: weighing risks against benefits, acting responsibly and with integrity, seeking justice, and respecting people's rights and dignity.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotWeighing risks against benefits: A pharmaceutical company knowingly releases a new drug to the market without fully disclosing the potential side effects and risks to the public. They prioritize their financial gain over the potential harm to the consumers, violating the ethical principle of weighing risks against benefits.
Acting responsibly and with integrity: A company knowingly pollutes a local water source and fails to take responsibility for the environmental damage caused. They also attempt to cover up their actions and mislead the public about the extent of the pollution, demonstrating a lack of responsibility and integrity.
Seeking justice: A government official uses their power to unfairly distribute resources and opportunities, favoring certain groups or individuals over others. This unjust distribution of resources goes against the ethical principle of seeking justice for all members of society.
Respecting people's rights and dignity: An employer discriminates against certain employees based on their race, gender, or other protected characteristics, creating a hostile work environment and denying these individuals their rights and dignity in the workplace. This violates the ethical principle of respecting people's rights and dignity.
Participants in Milgram's (1963) obedience study received dangerous electric shocks.
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VerifiedFalse
Milgram himself reported which of the following reactions among the participants in his original obedience study?
(35) VerifiedA
Autonomy refers to people's right to make their own choices and take their own actions.
(27) The first written ethics code for research with human participants was the Declaration of Helsinki.
(27) The Nuremberg Code was written in association with which of the following?
(37) Participants in the Tuskegee syphilis study were prisoners in a state penitentiary.
(34) Milgram's original obedience study would be considered unethical by today's standards.
(33) What three groups must be taken into account in the consideration of the ethics of a research project?
(34) Prescreening can be used to identify participants who are at high risk of harm in a study.
(44) Debriefing refers to informing participants about the details of a study before it begins.
(30) The APA Ethics Code allows for deception in psychological research under certain conditions.
(41) Research that suggested that there was a relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism highlights which of the following ethical issues?
(28) The APA Ethics Code includes principles that apply to which of the following activities?
(44) During debriefing, researchers should do which of the following?
(35) What were two ethical problems with Milgram's (1963) famous obedience study? How does each one fit into the framework for thinking about ethical issues?
(36) Imagine a study in which the researcher put some people in a happy mood and others in a depressed mood to observe the effects of mood on memory. Describe an appropriate informed consent and debriefing procedure for this study.
(32) Scientific studies are considered ethical only if there is no risk of harm to the participants.
(40) A psychologist who is unfamiliar with the APA Ethics Code cannot be held responsible for conducting research that does not conform to that code.
(37) Which of the following is true of the use of deception in psychological research?
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